Bioanalytical Method Development,Validation and Stability Assessment of Xanthohumol in Rat Plasma

Xanthohumol (XH) a prenylated chalcone has diverse therapeutic effects against various diseases. In the present study, a bioanalytical method was developed for XH in rat plasma using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The validation of the method was performed as per ICH M10 guidelines using curcumin as an internal standard. The Isocratic elution method was used with a run time of 10 min, wherein the mobile phase ratio 0.1% v/v OPA (A): Methanol (B) was 15:85 v/v at flow rate 0.8 mL/min and injection volume of 20 µL. The chromatograms of XH and curcumin was recorded at a wavelength of 370 nm. The retention time for XH and curcumin was 7.4 and 5.8 min, respectively. The spiked XH from plasma was extracted by the protein precipitation method. The developed method was linear with R² value of 0.9996 over a concentration range of 50–250 ng/mL along with LLOQ. The results of all the validation parameters are found to be within the accepted limits with %RSD value less than 2 and the percentage recovery was found to be greater than 95%. Based on the %RSD and percentage recovery results it was confirmed that the method was precise and accurate among the study replicates. LOD and LOQ values in plasma samples were found to be 8.49 ng/mL and 25.73 ng/mL, respectively. The stability studies like freeze thaw, short term and long-term stability studies were also performed, %RSD and percentage recovery of the XH from plasma samples were within the acceptable limits. Therefore, the developed bioanalytical method can be used effectively for estimation of XH in plasma samples.     

Role of Layer-by-Layer Deposition on Electrical and Optical Properties of PEDOT: PSS/Polyaniline Thin Films for Solar Cells

In this article, electrical and optical properties of PEDOT:PSS/Polyaniline: (PANI)bilayer thin films deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) are reported. Spin coater has been used for fabrication of thin films of 40–50 nm thickness at 5000 rpm. The deposited thin films have been characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis spectroscopy and Keithley electrometer. Layer-by-layer (LBL) technique has been shown to produce electroactive polymer films with low roughness, excellent uniformity, and high electrical conductivity for heterojunction solar cells. The electrical response of fabricated films showing ohmic behavior for PEDOT: PSS/PANI thin films.     

Design and synthesis of two armed molecular receptor for recognition of Gd3+ metal ion and its computational study

New receptor P henylene‐ B is‐ M ethylfuran‐yl‐2‐ M ethyele A cetohydrazide ( PBMMA ) has been synthesized by condensation of hydrazide and 5‐methyl furfural. Synthesized receptor has been fully characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, mass spectroscopic and thermo gravimetric analysis. The receptor PBMMA shows selective recognition potential towards Gd³⁺ ion when tested with several metal ions such as Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Y³⁺, La³⁺, Eu³⁺, Sm³⁺, Gd³⁺, Re⁶⁺ and Th⁴⁺ ion as their sulfates by UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopic studies. Binding nature of PBMMA with Gd³⁺ ion was further studied by mass spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetric studies. The stoichiometry of PBMMA‐ Gd³⁺ ion has been established, 1:1 by Benesi‐Hildebrand plot method and method of continuous variation (Job's plot) with association affinity K = 6.491 × 10⁴ M^?1. In addition to these, molecular docking, molecular dynamic stimulation and binding energy of complex; through Density Function theory ?595.66 kcal/mol has also indication of strong binding. The electron transfer energy of Higher occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to Lower unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is about 4.186 eV and 295 nm for PBMMA‐Gd³⁺ Complex.     

Insights into the key structural features of triazolothienopyrimidines as anti-HIV agents using QSAR,molecular docking,and pharmacophore modeling

Structural Chemistry - The development of severe drug resistance caused by the extensive use of anti-HIV agents has resulted in resistance mutation that compromise efficacy of anti-retroviral. We...     

Promising Roles of Alternative Medicine and Plant-Based Nanotechnology as Remedies for Urinary Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered to be the most common infections worldwide, having an incidence rate of 40−60% in women. Moreover, the prevalence of this disorder in adult women is 30 times more than in men. UTIs are usually found in many hospitals and clinical practice; as disorders, they are complicated and uncomplicated; in uncomplicated cases, there is no structural or functional abnormality in the urogenital tract. However, obstruction, retention of urine flow and use of catheters increase the complexity. There are several bacteria (e.g., E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, etc.) successfully residing in the tract. The diagnosis must not only be accurate but rapid, so early detection is an important step in the control of UTIs caused by uropathogens. The treatment of UTIs includes appropriate antimicrobial therapy to control the infection and kill the causal microbes inside the body. A long-time usage of antibiotics has resulted in multidrug resistance causing an impediment in treatment. Thus, alternative, combinatorial medication approaches have given some hope. Available treatments considered Homeopathic, Ayurvedic, Unani, and other herbal-based drugs. There are new upcoming roles of nanoparticles in combating UTIs which needs further validation. The role of medicinal plant-based nanotechnology approaches has shown promising results. Therefore, there must be active research in phyto-based therapies of UTIs, such as Ayurvedic Biology.     

Ferrocenes with a Persulfurated Cyclopentadienyl Ring: Synthesis,Structural Studies,and Optoelectronic Properties

Persulfurated arenes are a fascinating class of functional molecules with a wide range of potential applications. Ferrocenes are also a multifaceted class of aromatic compounds that can easily be finetuned for an enormous variety of desired properties. A combination of both substance classes might yield an even wider field of applications. Herein, we describe the synthesis of two ferrocenes with one persulfurated cyclopentadienyl ring [C₅(SR)₅], with R=Me or Ph, together with their crystal structures, optical, and electrochemical properties. Both crystal structures show significant intramolecular sulfur-iron interactions as well as weak intermolecular sulfur– contacts. Cyclovoltammetry of the [C₅(SPh)₅] compound shows a high oxidation potential of 651 mV vs. FcH/FcH⁺.     

Residence time distribution measurements in an ethyl acetate reactor using radiotracer technique

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - In the present study, residence time distribution measurements were carried out in an industrial-scale ethyl acetate reactors using Bromine-82 as...     

Synthesis and Electrochemical Investigation of Tetra Amino Cobalt (II) Phthalocyanine Functionalized Polyaniline Nanofiber for the Selective Detection of Dopamine

A new electrochemical sensing platform based on tetra‐amino cobalt (II) phthalocyanine (TACoPc) ingrained polyaniline (PANI) nanofiber composite (TACoPc/PANI hybrid) has been developed for the selective detection of dopamine. The uniform fibrous network of PANI/TACoPc hybrid was synthesized by a one‐step oxidative polymerization at room temperature. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and UV‐Visible spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior of the TACoPc/PANI hybrid material was studied by using different electrochemical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of pH 7 by modifying the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Due to the synergistic impact of PANI and TACoPc, the suggested altered electrode provided superior catalytic performance for dopamine even in the presence of ascorbic acid. It exhibited a linear reaction with a high sensitivity of 1.212 μA/μM cm^?2 and a low detection limit of 0.064 μM over the 20–200 μM concentration range in 0.1 M PBS. One of the commonly faced problems of interference of ascorbic acid and uric acid in the electrochemical detection of dopamine was completely excluded from this modified electrode which led to an increase in the catalytic activity of the material for the detection of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid.