Resonantly enhanced off-specular X-ray scattering from polymer/polymer interfaces<Superscript>⋆</Superscript>

We have used measurements of the absolute intensity of diffuse X-ray scattering to extract the interfacial tension of a buried polymer/polymer interface. Diffuse scattering was excited by an X-ray standing wave whose phase was adjusted to have a high intensity at the polymer/polymer interface and simultaneously a node at the polymer/air interface. This method permits the capillary-wave-induced roughness of the interface, and hence the interfacial tension, to be measured independently of the polymer/polymer interdiffusion.     

Effect of spin paramagnetism on upper critical field of disordered nanocrystalline PbMo6S8 superconductor

Ignoring the paramagnetic effect Niu and Hampshire [H.J. Niu, D.P. Hampshire, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 027002] have claimed that a disordered nanocrystalline sample of the Chevrel phase superconductor PbMo₆S₈, having a grain size of 20 nm, corresponds to an upper critical field of 110 T. Whether the paramagnetic effect is indeed negligible in this sample or not has been investigated here by using the Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg theory of upper critical field of dirty superconductors. The extent of the paramagnetic effect is obtained by matching the experimental values of the upper critical field for various temperatures with those calculated from the Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg theory. It has been found that the 20 nm superconductor involves sufficient paramagnetic effect such that the value of the upper critical field cannot be larger than ～70 T.     

THE ESTIMATION OF PRIOR FROM FISHER INFORMATION

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57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic study of (25−x)MnO–xZnO–15Fe2O3–60B2O3 glasses

The ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer technique has been used to investigate the effect of zinc oxide substitution in (25???x)MnO–xZnO–15Fe₂O₃–60B₂O₃ glass system (x?=?0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mol% of ZnO ). Mössbauer absorption spectra for all the samples recorded at room temperature suggest the existence of the two paramagnetic quadrupole doublets. The observed variations in hyperfine parameters have been explained on the basis of cations distribution and exchange interaction at the lattice sites and it is concluded that B–B interaction increases while the metal–metal interaction decreases due to replacement of manganese oxide by zinc oxide. These results suggest that the present glass system exhibits a paramagnetic behaviour that changes towards the weak paramagnetic when manganese oxide was replaced with zinc oxide.     

Inverted equations of state for solids under high pressures

In the present communication we have reviewed some inverted type equations of state for solids under high pressures. An inverted equation of state (EOS) gives volume as a function of pressure for a solid under isothermal conditions. We have considered various equations of state proposed by earlier workers which express volume as a function of pressure. Expressions for bulk modulus and its pressure derivatives based on such EOSs are obtained and reported here. It is emphasized here that the high pressure derivative properties are very sensitive to the forms of equations of state representing volume-pressure relationships. We have also studied the thermoelastic properties of solids based on pressure derivatives of bulk modulus. Applications have been extended in the present review article to the solids which are metals as well as non-metals including geophysical minerals present in the lower mantle and core of the Earth.     

Electrical breakdown of anodic aluminum oxide

Results are presented from a study of electrical breakdown of anodic aluminum oxide in a constant field with a platinum pressure electrode. Statistical breakdown parameters and their dependence on the magnitude and polarity of the applied voltage are obtained. Field and temperature dependences of breakdown delay time over the interval 10^–6–10³ sec are determined. It is shown that the experimental (E) curves can be rectified (in two segments) in the coordinates log E^–1. This indicates a possible contribution to the breakdown mechanism by both tunnel injection of electrons from the cathode and subsequent avalanche multiplication of electrons within the dielectric.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 4, pp. 25–29, April, 1990.In conclusion, the authors thank T. V. Shmidt and E. Ya. Khanin for assistance in the study.