Strip-electromechanical model solution for piezoelectric plate cut along two semi-permeable collinear cracks

A strip electric saturation and mechanical yielding model solution is proposed for a piezoelectric plate cut along two equal collinear semi-permeable mode-I cracks with electrical polarization reaching a saturation limit and normal stress reaching a yield stress along a line segment in front of the cracks. By using Stroh formalism and complex variable technique, we derived the analytical solution for the field quantities. Three different situations are investigated when developed electrical saturation zone is bigger/smaller or equal to the developed mechanical yield zone. Numerical results show that the effect of different electric boundary conditions on the crack opening displacement and crack opening potential drop is significant and should not be ignored. The influence of electric load displacement on the energy release rate is also investigated for PZT-4, PZT-5H and BaTiO₃ ceramics, and it may assists for the correct choosing of ceramic for specific job.     

Low temperature magnetic properties of Cr0.25Co0.25Zn0.5Fe2O4 nano particles

Low temperature Mössbauer and AC susceptibility have been used to study relaxation phenomena in nano-sized particles of Cr_0.25Co_0.25Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄. From these studies, the energy density constant for this system has been estimated to be 4 x 10⁶ erg/cm³. Cation distribution has also been determined and the observed results are correlated to calculated relaxation times.     

Preparation,spectral and structural characterization of (2-benzoylpyridine N(4)-methyl-N(4)-phenylthiosemicarbazonato) chloropalladium(II)

The synthesis, as well as spectral and structural characterization, of (2-benzoylpyridine-N(4)-methyl-N(4)-phenylthiosemicarbazonato)chloropalladium(II), [Pd(Bz4MePh)Cl], is described. The unit cell contains two crystallographically independent molecules [Pd(1)(Bz4MePh)Cl], (1), and [Pd(2)(Bz4MePh)Cl], (2), stabilized by intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The distance between the Pd(1) and Pd(2) centres is 3.5038(11) Å. The spectroscopic techniques used in this study are the following: u.v.-visible, i.r. and ¹H n.m.r. The protonation constants, determined spectrophotometrically, of the uncoordinated HBz4MePh are pK_a1 = 10.82 ± 0.03 and pK_a2 = 4.09 ± 0.02.     

Maximization of yield of C-13 isotope by multiphoton dissociation of Freon-22 using high average power TEA CO2 laser

Selective multi-photon dissociation (MPD) of Freon-22 (CF₂HC1) molecules has been carried out using a TEA CO₂ laser at various CO₂ laser lines (9P(20)-9P(26)) in order to maximize the yield of C-13 isotope in the product (C₂F₄) at an enrichment factor of 100. The effects of laser pulse tail due to the presence of N₂ in the laser mixture on the enrichment factor and yield of C-13 are investigated. It is found that the addition of a small amount of N₂ is possible in the laser mixture without a significant drop in the yield at desired enrichment factor. Addition of a small amount of N₂ improves the laser efficiency considerably. At a given pulse energy, a slight change in the near field intensity distribution of a laser severely affects the selectivity of C-13 isotope. The computed far-field intensity distributions of the measured near-field intensities show marked spatial variation in the focal spots that leads to a drop in selectivity. For macroscopic production of C-13 isotope a simple and novel multi-pass cavity has been designed and tested to focus the energy repeatedly keeping the optimum fluence constant at each focal spot.     

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