Nonenzymatic Glucose Detection with Good Selectivity Against Ascorbic Acid on a Highly Porous Gold Electrode Subjected to Amalgamation Treatment

A nonenzymatic glucose sensor with good selectivity for the ascorbic acid oxidation is presented. After the gold polycrystalline electrode was subjected to amalgamation treatment, two advantageous effects were observed. One is the enhancement of the surface roughness and the other is an increase in the catalytic current in the glucose oxidation. Besides the known first effect, the latter provided another advantageous effect in a fabrication of nonenzymatic glucose sensor. Using a gold electrode subjected to amalgamation treatment for 60 s, two calibration curves for glucose oxidation at two different potentials of ?0.1 V and 0.25 V were obtained and compared. At the potential of ?0.1 V, at which no ascorbic acid was oxidized and no interference effect was observed, a current sensitivity of 16 μA cm^?2 mM^?1 from zero to 10 mM glucose concentration range was obtained. At the other potential of 0.25 V, at which ascorbic acid was easily oxidized, a satisfactory calibration curve with negligible ascorbic acid interference was also obtained together with a more enhanced current sensitivity of 32 μA cm^?2 mM^?1.     

Cyano-bridged CuII-MV (M = Mo, W) bimetallic layered complexes exhibiting novel honeycomblike structures

Self-assembly of a new precursor [Cu(L)](ClO4)2 (1) (L = macrocyclic ligand) with octacyanometalates [M(CN)8]3- (M = Mo, W) produced two-dimensional cyano-bridged Cu(II)-M(V) bimetallic assemblies [Cu(L)]3n[M(CN)8]2n.6nH2O [M = Mo (2), W (3)] with novel honeycomblike structures, characterized by spectroscopic data, single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, and magnetic measurements. The crystallographic determination reveals that compounds 2 and 3 are isostructural and crystallize in the triclinic system (P). The Cu atom in a distorted octahedral environment experiences a tetragonal elongation of apical nitrogen atoms exhibiting average Cu-Nax lengths of 2.566 Angstroms for 2 and 2.593 Angstroms for 3, which accounts for the Jahn-Teller effect of a Cu(II) ion. The Cu-NC angles are magnetically important, ranging from 135.7 to 159.2 degrees. Three types of L in the crystal lattice are observed, which are dependent on the relative positions of the pendant hydroxyl groups with respect to the CuN4 basal plane. The positions are correlated with hydrogen bonding of OH groups to neighboring atoms. The magnetic data indicate that ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions between Cu(II) and M(V) through the CN linkage coexist.     

Gas chromatographic determination of estrone,estradiol and estriol in non-pregnancy plasma

Summary A gas Chromatographic method for the determination of estrone, estradiol and estriol in plasma of normal females is described. Purification is done by means of TLC of the free compounds and the acetates and quantitation is achieved by electron capture-gas chromatography of the estrogen heptafluorobutyrates. Experiments on the validation of the method are described along with some examples of its application.

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Zusammenfassung Eine gaschromatographische Methode zur Bestimmung von Östron, Östradiol und Östriol im normalen weiblichen Plasma wurde beschrieben. Die Reinigung erfolgte durch Dünnschichtchromatographie der freien Verbindungen und ihrer Acetate. Die quantitative Bestimmung wurde gaschromatographisch mit Hilfe eines Elektroneneinfangdetektors an Hand der Östrogenheptafluorobutyrate bewerkstelligt. Versuche zur Bewertung dieser Methode sowie Beispiele für ihre Anwendung wurden beschrieben.

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Supported by USPHS Grants AM 09908 and RCDA 5 K 3-AM-31, 321 (S. K.) and a grant from the Ford Foundation.     

High-throughput purification of combinatorial libraries I: a high-throughput purification system using an accelerated retention window approach

We have developed a high-throughput purification system to purify combinatorial libraries at a 50-100-mg scale with a throughput of 250 samples/instrument/day. We applied an accelerated retention window method to shorten the purification time and targeted one fraction per injection to simplify data tracking, lower QC workload, and simplify the postpurification processing. First, we determined the accurate retention time and peak height for all compounds using an eight-channel parallel LC/UV/MS system, and calculated the specific preparative HPLC conditions for individual compounds. The preparative HPLC conditions include the compound-specific gradient segment for individual compounds with a fixed gradient slope and the compound-specific UV or ELSD threshold for triggering a fraction collection device. A unique solvent composition or solvent strength was programmed for each compound in the preparative HPLC in order to elute all compounds at the same target time. Considering the possible deviation of the predicted retention time, a 1-min window around the target time was set to collect peaks above a threshold based on UV or ELSD detection. Dual column preparative instruments were used to maximize throughput. We have purified more than 500 000 druglike compounds using this system in the past 3 years. We report various components of this high-throughput purification system and some of our purification results.     

Palladacyclic complexes bearing CNN-type ligands as catalysts in the Heck reaction

Preparations of novel unsymmetrical, tridentate nitrogen ligand precursors, PhN=C(CMe2)(NPh)C=N(CH2)2NMe2(1) and PhN=C(CMe2)(NPh)C=N(CH2)Py (2), are described. Treatment of 1 with 1 molar equiv. (COD)PdCl2 in the presence of NEt3 or with 1 molar equiv. Pd(OAc)2 affords orthometallated palladium(II) complexes, [PhN=C(CMe2)(N-eta1-Ph)C=N(CH2)2NMe2]PdX (X=Cl (3); X=OAc (4)), respectively. Compound can be yielded via the reaction of with an excess of LiCl in methanol. Treatment of with 1 molar equiv. of (COD)PdCl2, Pd(OAc)2 or Pd(TFA)2 affords orthometallated palladium(II) complexes, [PhN=C(CMe2)(N-eta1-Ph)C=NCH2Py]PdX (X=Cl (5); X=OAc (6); X=TFA (7)), respectively. The crystal and molecular structures are reported for compounds 2, 3, 5 and 6. The application of these novel palladacyclic complexes to the Heck reaction with aryl halide substrates was examined.     

The preparation of 4-oxo-N-aryl-4H-1-benzopyran-2-acetamides by the condensation/cyclization of trilithiated acetoacetanilides with lithiated methyl salicylates

Several acetoacetanilides were trilithiated in excess lithium diisopropylamide, and the resulting polylithiated intermediates were regioselectively condensed with lithiated methyl salicylates followed by acid cyclization to substituted 4-oxo-N-aryl-4H-1-benzopyran-2-acetamides (benzopyranone-2-acetamides).     

(1-Adamantanethio)pyridines and tetrahydropyridines from the reaction of 1-adamantanethiol with pyridine I-oxide in acetic anhydride

The reaction of pyridine 1-oxide with 1-adamantanethiol in acetic anhydride produced a mixture of 2- and 3-(1-adamantanethio)pyridines, 1-aeetyl-2-(1-adamantanethio)-3-hydroxy-4-acetoxy-1,2,3,4-telrahydropyridine and the corresponding 3-acetoxyderivative. Pure substances were separated by means of column chromatography on alumina. The tetrahydropyridines were identified by means of their proton magnetic and mass spectra. 4-(1-Adamantanethio)pyridine was synthesized from 4-chloropyridinc and 1-adamantanethiol. The three isomeric (1-adamantanethio)-pyridines were, each, cleaved by concentrated hydrochloric acid to give 1-chloroadamantane and the corresponding pyridinethiol.     

Polyarylate–polystyrene block copolymer from macro-azoinitiator: Synthesis and its thermal properties

A macro-azoinitiator containing polyarylate segment and azo group was prepared by the solution polycondensation of azobiscyanopentanoyl chloride and hydroxy-terminated polyarylates having viscosity-average molecular weights of 6200, 8100, and 12 400. These macro-azoinitiators were used in the radical polymerization of styrene to synthesize polyarylate-polystyrene block copolymers. Thermal properties measured by the differential scanning calorimetry indicated the phase separated morphology of the block copolymers except at low molecular weight of the block constituents. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.