四元交互体系Li+, Mg2+/SO42-, B4O72-—H2O25℃溶解度和溶液物化性质的研究

研究了Li⁺,Mg²+/SO₄^2-,B₄O₇^2-—H₂O四元交互体系25℃时的溶解度和溶液的密度及折光率.四种原始组份未发生脱水作用,体系中也没有复盐或固溶体形成.体系25℃溶解度等温线由五段组成,有四个结晶区,分别对应于四种原始组份,其中以MgB₄O₇·9H₂O的结晶区最大.溶解度等温线上有两个零变量点,其一为MgB₄O₇·9H₂O,MgSO₄·7H₂O,Li₂SO₄·H₂O三盐共饱点,另一为MgB₄O₇·9H₂O,Li₂B₄O₇·3H₂O,Li₂SO₄·H₂O三盐不相称共饱点.     

Study of the relationship between the mechanical properties and processing for self-reinforced polymers: A kinetic model theory of tensile strength for self-reinforced polymers

In this paper, a new model theory of tensile strength for self-reinforced polymers is proposed. It is based on the theory of chemical activated rate and of strain-induced crystallization. A kinetic equation for bond rupture and molecular flow of the extended polymer chains was established by employing the coefficient of overstressed chain as variable. By integration and simplification, a new correlation between the tensile strength with the processing and testing conditions for self-reinforced polymers was derived from the theory. The dependence of tensile strength on the draw ratios of processing and on testing conditions was studied. The proposed theory was verified by the experimental data of poly(HDU and EUHD) crystals and Ultra High Molecular Weight of Polyethylene (UHMWPE) mechanical properties. Excellent agreement between the theory and experimental results was obtained.     

Mn_3O(Salea)_2(C_2H_3O_2)_3·HC_2H_3O_2的合成、表征及放氧活性测定

合成了三核锰(Ⅲ)Schiff碱配合物:Mn_3O(Salea)_2(C_2H_3O_2)_3·HC_2H_3O_2(其中Salea~(2-)为水杨醛缩乙醇胺Schiff碱阴离子),经元素分析、磁矩、化合价、电导率、热分析、红外、紫外光谱等进行表征,并利用氧电极进行了放氧活性测试,发现在对苯醌存在下配合物能促使水分解释放氧气,其反应受温度、对苯醌和配合物浓度等因素影响,并提出了可能的放氧反应方程.     

铝钛合金溴化物对直链烷烃异构化反应的催化作用

首次研究了铝铁合金溴化物的合成及其对直链烷烃异构化反应的催化作用,讨论了正戊烷的异构化反应,得到其动力学方程为1nC/C_0=-0.50t,表观活化能为26.3 kJ/moJ,测定了正己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷在不同溶剂中、不同温度下催化异构化反应的动力学曲线,为铝铁合金溴化物的工业应用提供了理论依据。     

电泳法制备的致密氧化锡薄膜及其在高稳定性钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用

在平面型钙钛矿太阳能电池中常采用SnO₂作为电子传输层材料,相应的SnO₂薄膜常采用溶液旋涂法制备。但是由于前驱液中的纳米颗粒可能会发生部分团聚、基底和溶液难以完全避免灰尘等杂质颗粒混入,且最佳的SnO₂电子传输层的厚度通常仅有约20 nm,所以这种方法制备的电子传输层难以保证严格致密和无纳米针孔。在本工作中,我们报道了一种电泳沉积制备致密SnO₂薄膜的方法,并用其有效地提高了钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转换效率和工况稳定性。通过电泳法,表面带负电荷的SnO₂纳米颗粒在电场的作用下沉积到氧化铟锡(ITO)阳极表面,这种方法得到的薄膜比旋涂法制备的更为致密。将其应用于n-i-p结构的钙钛矿太阳能电池中,能够使得暗电流降低并抑制载流子的非辐射复合,从而提高电池的短路电流和开路电压,进而实现更高的光电转换效率(从18.17%提高到19.52%),且能消除迟滞效应。更重要的是,长期工况稳定性测试表明基于电泳-旋涂法制备的器件在1个太阳的光照下、最大功率点处连续工作960 h后,仍然能够保持71%的初始效率;然而基于旋涂法制备的器件在工作100 h后即降低到初始效率的70%。本工作提供了一种全新的SnO₂电子传输层的制备方法,显著地提高了器件性能和工况稳定性,后续有望应用于制备大面积器件和电池模组。     

γ-和δ-酮酸衍生物均相催化氢化研究进展

γ-和δ-酮酸衍生物是最重要的双官能团生物质平台化合物之一,如何高效地催化这些酮酸类化合物转化成相应的单一精细化学品是当今研究的难点.我们综述了金属有机配合物均相催化氢化γ-和δ-酮酸的最新进展,重点介绍了用于催化生产γ-和δ-羟基酸、酯、内酯、环醚等的均相催化剂的结构、活性、选择性和反应机理.     

化学还原法制备多形貌银纳米材料

银纳米材料因具有导热导电性能好、光电性能优良及抗菌能力强等优点而引起广泛关注,近年来其制备方法得到广泛研究。已报道的制备方法可分为化学法、物理法和生物法等,其中化学还原法可以通过使用不同的还原剂、包裹试剂及助剂,实现不同形貌及粒径的银纳米材料的快速制备。本文综述了化学还原法制备颗粒状、线形、片状、立方体及其它形貌的银纳米材料的原理及应用,并展望了银纳米材料工业化制备及应用研究的发展趋势。可控制备多形貌银纳米材料对于电子行业、医药生物以及传感器等相关领域的发展具有重要意义。     

Rapid and label-free classification of pathogens based on light scattering,reduced power spectral features and support vector machine

The rapid identification of pathogens is crucial in controlling the food quality and safety. The proposed system for the rapid and label-free identification of pathogens is based on the principle of laser scattering from the bacterial microbes. The clinical prototype consists of three parts: the laser beam, photodetectors, and the data acquisition system. The bacterial testing sample was mixed with 10 mL distilled water and placed inside the machine chamber. When the bacterial microbes pass by the laser beam, the scattering of light occurs due to variation in size, shape, and morphology. Due to this reason, different types of pathogens show their unique light scattering patterns. The photo-detectors were arranged at the surroundings of the sample at different angles to collect the scattered light. The photodetectors convert the scattered light intensity into a voltage waveform. The waveform features were acquired by using the power spectral characteristics, and the dimensionality of extracted features was reduced by applying minimal-redundancy-maximal-relevance criterion (mRMR). A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was developed by training the selected power spectral features for the classification of three different bacterial microbes. The resulting average identification accuracies of E. faecalis,E. coli and S. aureus were 99%, 87%, and 94%, respectively. The overall experimental results yield a higher accuracy of 93.6%, indicating that the proposed device has the potential for label-free identification of pathogens with simplicity, rapidity, and cost-effectiveness.     

Large scale synthesis of red emissive carbon dots powder by solid state reaction for fingerprint identification

Red emissive carbon dots(CDs) powder was synthesized on a large scale from phloroglucinol and boric acid by a novel solid state reaction with yield up to 75%. This method is safe and convenient, for it needs neither high pressure reactors nor complicated post-treatment procedures. The as-prepared carbon dots powder exhibited strong red fluorescence with excitation-independent behavior. XPS measurement and PL spectra suggest that such red fluorescence arise from boron-doped structures in CDs, which increases along with the boron concentration on CDs surface but decreases when the concentration quenching effect takes place. To overcome the aggregation induced fluorescence quenching of the solid CDs powder,the conventional methods are dispersing CDs into a large amount of inert substrates. But our present work provides a new strategy to realize strong red fluorescence of CDs in solid state. As a result, such carbon dots powder works well for latent fingerprint identification on various material surfaces.     

How the Aggregates Determine Bound Rubber Models in Silicone Rubber? A Contrast Matching Neutron Scattering Study

The correlation between aggregates and bound rubber structures in silicone rubbers(S(phr)) with various silica fractions(ΦSi) has been investigated by contrast matching small-angle neutron scattering(SANS), swelling kinetics, and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).Mixed solvents with deuterated cyclohexane fractions of 4.9% and 53.7% were chosen to match the scattering length densities of the matrix(SMP(phr)) and the filler(SMS(phr)), respectively. All the data consistently suggest that:(i) There is a critical threshold ΦSic between 10 and 30 phr;below ΦSic, the isolated aggregates are dominant, while beyond ΦSic, some rubber fraction is trapped among the agglomerate;(ii) ΦSiindependent thicknesses around 7.5 nm(NMR) and 8.6 nm(SANS) suggest that the bound rubber formation is determined by inherent properties of the components, and the power-law around 4.2 suggests an exponential changed gradient density of the bound rubber;(iii) SMS(80) presents a bicontinuous bound rubber with three characteristic lengths of 41, 100, and 234 nm. The expanded correlation length, a 20 nm smaller aggregate sizes suggest that such existent bicontinuous network in dry samples with less ΦSi is kind of impacted by swelling. With the obtained bound rubber models, the reinforcing mechanism of filled silicone rubber is elucidated.