Symmetry and spin dephasing in (110)-grown quantum wells

Symmetry and spin dephasing in (110)-grown GaAs quantum wells (QWs) are investigated applying magnetic field induced photogalvanic effect and time-resolved Kerr rotation. We show that magnetic field induced photogalvanic effect provides a tool to probe the symmetry of (110)-grown quantum wells. The photocurrent is only observed for asymmetric structures but vanishes for symmetric QWs. Applying Kerr rotation we prove that in the latter case the spin relaxation time is maximal; therefore, these structures set the upper limit of spin dephasing in GaAs QWs. We also demonstrate that structure inversion asymmetry can be controllably tuned to zero by variation of delta-doping layer positions.     

Laser Doppler velocimetry measurement at a hard-to-reach intake port of a two-stroke engine

To understand better the complex scavenging process in ported two-stroke engines, optical set-ups were designed for velocity measurements at the exit of an intake port of a motoring and firing single-cylinder propane-fueled two-stroke engine by laser Doppler velocimetry. The radial velocity component was measured at the center of one port at engine speeds of 600, 900, and 1200 rpm. Laser beams entered the engine from the top through a quartz window and the light scattered by the seed particles was collected at 90° through the exhaust ports and a side window. The noise produced by the piston head was analyzed and separated from the signal generated by the seed particles. Analysis of the results from this engine showed that, in general, differences in both magnitude and the shape of the plotted results were observed when the engine was firing. A backflow into the intake system was observed at 600 rpm; this backflow decreased in strength, shifted in crank angle at 900 rpm, and eventually was eliminated at an engine speed of 1200 rpm.     

The first geodetic VLBI experiment with the Bologna radio telescope

Summary The results of the first geodetic experiment with the Bologna VLBI radiotelescope are presented, giving a decimeter level determination of the radio telescope position.     

Nonadiabatic superconductivity in K3C60 and Rb3C60

We discuss the validity of Migdal–Eliashberg theory applied to the superconductor fullerides K₃C₆₀ and Rb₃C₆₀. Recently, the relevant superconductor properties have been measured, like the isotope coefficient, the energy gap and critical temperatures for these compounds and compared with their optical properties. They all present a very disperse band of phonon frequencies, running from very small to very large energies, the latter being close to the Fermi edge. Therefore, these materials exceed the limit of validity of the adiabatic Migdal theorem, measured with a nonadiabatic parameter m=w₀/E_F, where w₀ is a characteristic phonon frequency and E_F=250 meV, the Fermi level. We examine previous theories incorporating vertex corrections into the Eliashberg equations to deal with such a situation. We compare these approaches by calculating the critical temperatures using a multimodal Eliashberg spectral function ²F(w) to study the contribution of the various phononic modes. We arrive at the conclusion that the optical modes, not the intramolecular ones, are among those which maximize T_c independently of including vertex corrections or not. This result goes in the direction to understand why doped fullerides A₃C₆₀ are superconductors.     

An angular overlap model treatment of mixed valence Pt(II)-Pt(IV) haloamine chain complexes

Summary A recently proposed extension of the angular overlap model (AOM) is applied to the linear chain compounds [Pt^II(AA)₂·Pt^IV X ₂(AA)₂] ⁴⁺ withX=Cl, Br, I;AA = ethylenediamine, 1,2- and 1,3-diaminopropane, and to Wolffram's red and Reihlen's green salt. The energy band structures are calculated from AOM parameters which are derived from d-d spectra of isolated Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes reported in the literature. Assignments of absorption edges and other peaks in the crystal spectra as well as spectral shifts due to changes in the geometric structure are discussed. Since the AOM energy expressions are given in analytical form, the procedure supplies various advantages over the extended Hückel theory which currently has been adapted for treating chain structures.

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Behandlung von gemischt-wertigen Pt(II)-Pt(IV)-Ketten-Komplexverbindungen mit dem Angular Overlap-Modell

Zusammenfassung Eine kürzlich vorgeschlagene Erweiterung des Angular Overlap -Modells (AOM) wird auf die linearen Kettenverbindungen [Pt^II(AA)₂·Pt^IV X ₂(AA)₂] ⁴⁺ mitX=Cl, Br, I;AA = Ethylendiamin, 1,2- und 1,3-Diaminopropan sowie auf Wolfframs Rot-und Reihlens Grün-Salz angewandt. Die Energiebänder werden von AOM-Parametern berechnet, die aus d-d-Spektren isolierter Pt(II)- und Pt(IV)-Komplexe gewonnen wurden, welche in der Literatur zu finden sind. Diskutiert werden Zuordnungen zu Absorptionskanten und anderen Maxima in den Kristallspektren ebenso wie spektrale Verschiebungen aufgrund von Änderungen in der geometrischen Struktur. Da die AOM-Energieausdrücke in analytischer Form vorliegen, hat dieses Verfahren diverse Vorteile im Vergleich zur Extended Hückel-Theorie, die kürzlich ebenfalls so erweitert wurde, daß damit Kettenstrukturen behandelt werden können.

     

Analysis of the fusariotoxins zearalenone and vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) in human foods and animal feeds by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Summary HPLC procedures for analyses of the fusariotoxins zearalenone and vomitoxin in individual food- and feedstuffs as well as in mixed feed are described. Zearalenone is separated on a column with polar stationary phase (25 cm × 4.6 mm i.d., particle size 7 m), eluted with a chloroform-isooctane (75/25, v/v)+1.5% methanol mixture and detected fluorometrically. The quantitative determination was possible in all analyzed samples with a detection limit of 2g/kg with 70–80% recovery. Vomitoxin is fractionated by HPLC (C ₁₈ ¹ column, 25 cm×4 mm i.d., 5 m particle size) with water-methanol (60/40, v/v) mobile phase and determined by combining GLC or TLC with UV detection. The detection limit in mixed feed with interfering substances was 25 g/kg (recovery 25–35%). The separation by HPLC makes preparation of pure vomitoxin possible. The described methods are fast, simple and low cost and are suitable for routine analyses.     

Quenching of the lowest benzene triplet state in the vapor phase by nitric oxide

the rate constant for quenching of the triplet state (³B_1u) of benzene vapor by nitric oxide has been determined from a study of the flash photosensitization of biacetyl phosphorescence. The rate constant has been found to be (1.08 ± 0.2) × 10^?11 cm³ molecule^?1 sec^?1. Although this value is much larger than expected, it is in agreement with rate constants reported for quenching of some liquid phase aromatics.     

Lifshitz-point behaviour of ferromagnetic superconductors

The critical behaviour of the electromagnetically coupled superconductor magnet system is investigated by means of a generalized mean field theory and a renormalization group analysis. We show that in the presence of a genuine anisotropy in systems with an additional pressure-like parameter (like concentration in pseudo-ternary ferromagnetic superconductors (FMS), e.g. Er_1?x Ho _x Rh₄B₄) the indirect coupling between superconducting and magnetic order parameters (i.e. gauge coupling) can lead to a peculiar kind of critical behaviour characterized by Lifshitz points (LP). These points (quite generally) occur as merging points of three phases: a (magnetically) disordered phase, a homogeneously ordered phase and a modulated phase. In FMS the latter phase may result from exchange screening by supercurrents. This unusual critical behaviour is found in two varieties:

1. a regular LP which may occur on the lower transition line of a reentrant FMS
2. a similar but slightly different critical point which we term modified Lifshitz point (MLP), and which is to be expected at the merging point of the upper and lower superconducting transition lines with the magnetic order disorder transition lines in the (x, T) phase diagrams of FMS's.

     

Kondo-lattice: Kondo-effect?

The periodics-d-model is investigated by Green function methods. We find that the lnT-divergence appearing in third order perturbation theory for the electron selfenergy is smoothed out but still shows up in a characteristic decrease (exchange coupling<0) or increase (>0) of lifetime of electrons at the fermi level asT0 and a corresponding structure in the specific heat. However, in contrast to the single impurity case, the corresponding characteristic temperature does not vary like exp[–1/||] but always is of order ². From a mean field theory of the model, one finds a critical temperature for a transition into a magnetically ordered stateT _c0 which varies precisely like ². Thus an interesting competition between Kondo-effect and long-range magnetic order can be expected in this model.Work performed within the research program of the SFB 125 Aachen/Jülich/Köln