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31.
H.-H. Kausch R. Gensler Ch. Grein C. J. G. Plummer P. Scaramuzzino 《Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics》2013,52(5-6):803-815
The deformation processes in crystalline polymers have been studie ever since the discovery of chain folding in 1957. Since then, scientists have been intrigued by the different steps of the transformation of the folded-chain lamellar structure of single crystals or of macroscopically isotropic, often spherulitic, polymers into fibrous morphologies (see Refs. 1 and 2 for early reviews). The importance of molecular tilt, of inter- and intralamellar slip, and of micronecking were rapidly recognized [1–4]. In this paper, we discuss the analogies and differences with respect to crazing of glassy amorphous polymers. Obviously, there is an extensive body of literature on the micromechanics of crazing (see the reviews in Refs. 5–9). On the basis of these studies, it has been established that crazes in amorphous polymers are well-defined regions with approximately planar boundaries that extend perpendicular to the direction of maximum principal tensile stress and that contain highly stretched and voided material [7]. However, crazelike features have also been observed in many semicrystalline polymers (polyethylene [PE], isotactic polypropylene [IPP], isotatic polystyrene [IPS], polyoxymethylene [POM], polyamide 6 and 66 [PA6 and PA66], polycarbonate [PC], polyethylene terephthalate [PET], polybutylene terephthalate [PBT], polyvinylidene fluoride [PVDF], and polyether ether ketone [PEEK]). They are designated in the literature [3–10] as micronecks, true crazes, fibrillar deformation zones (DZs), or simply as crazes since they correspond well to the above definition. 相似文献
32.
A. Flores J. Aurrekoetxea R. Gensler H. H. Kausch F. J. Baltá Calleja 《Colloid and polymer science》1998,276(9):786-793
The influence of molecular weight on the mechanical properties of isotactic poly(propylene) (iPP) and iPP blended with ethylene-propylene
copolymers has been investigated by means of the microhardness technique. The hardness (H) of iPP is shown to slightly decrease with increasing molecular mass, within the range of molecular weights investigated.
The H-decrease is correlated to a loss of crystallinity as the average molecular weight increases. On annealing, the mechanical
properties are enhanced as a consequence of an increase in both, the degree of crystallinity and the crystalline lamellar
thickness. A value of H
∞
c for iPP crystals of infinite thickness in the α-form is proposed for the first time. The inclusion of EPR particles in the
iPP matrix softens the material. This result could be explained in terms of an increase in the basal surface free energy of
the iPP crystals with increasing amount of rubber content.
Received: 2 February 1998 Accepted: 11 May 1998 相似文献
33.
The important role of the entanglements in the deformation of high-molecular-weight glassy polymers is demonstrated by two phenomena: the build-up of material resistance in polymethylmethacrylate after chain interpenetration and the intrinsic crazing of polycarbonate which is observed when the entanglement network reaches its limits of extension.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. F. H. Müller. 相似文献
34.
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36.
Jutta Scharf Hans-Henning Strehblow Björn Zeysing Andreas Terfort 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2001,5(6):396-401
Three thiols with three aromatic rings and different structure – terphenyl-4-methanethiol (TPMT), terphenyl-4-thiol (TPT),
and anthracene-2-thiol (AT) – have been used to form self-assembled monolayers (SAM) on vapour-deposited and flame-annealed
Au films on glass substrates. All three SAMs effectively block the anodic formation of Au oxide, indicating densely packed
layers which prevent the access of water and hydrated ions through the organic layer to the metal surface. The film improves
its inhibiting properties with duration of exposure to the thiol solutions, reaching completion after 1 hour [1]. The charge-transfer
reaction of the Fe(CN)6
3–/Fe(CN)6
4– system is blocked for TPMT films with an insulation of the π-electron system from the Au surface by the methylene group.
TPT and especially AT films show the current density of the redox reactions. It is proposed that the charge transfer occurs
via the aromatic molecules of the SAMs to the Au surface.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
37.
Becker R Johnsson M Kremer RK Klauss HH Lemmens P 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2006,128(48):15469-15475
A new layered transition metal oxohalide, FeTe2O5ClxBr1-x, has been identified. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. The unit cell for FeTe2O5Br is a = 13.3964(8), b = 6.5966(4), c = 14.2897(6) A, beta=108.118(6) degrees, and Z=8. The layers are built of edge sharing [FeO6] octahedra forming [Fe4O16]20- units that are linked by [Te4O10X2]6- groups. The layers have no net charge and are only weakly connected via van der Waals forces to adjacent layers. There are four crystallographically different Te atoms, and one of them displays a unique [TeO2X] coordination polyhedron (X=Cl, Br). Magnetic susceptibility measurements show a broad maximum typical for 4-spin clusters of coupled Fe(III) ions in the high-spin state. Evidence for magnetic instabilities exists at low temperatures, which have been confirmed with specific heat experiments. A theoretical modeling of the susceptibility concludes a frustration of the intra-tetramer anti-ferromagnetic exchange interaction. 相似文献
38.
39.
Louis C. N. Boogh Robert J. Meier Henning-H. Kausch Bert J. Kip 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1992,30(4):325-333
Raman spectroscopy is shown to be a very powerful method for the study of stress transfer in epoxy composite materials reinforced with high-performance polyethylene (PE) fibers. We found that the stress transfer length as determined by Raman spectroscopy is substantially shorter for a plasma-treated fiber than for an untreated one. A shorter stress transfer length indicates stronger interactions between fiber and matrix. Furthermore, the stress transfer length was higher for a PE fiber/epoxy matrix cured at a higher temperature. 相似文献
40.