Preparation of 99mTc-MIBI complex under ultrasound irradiation

The (37MBq) 99mTc-MIBI complex samples were prepared due to ultrasound irradiation technique or boiled water bath method as a standard method. The qualitative and quantitative studies have been performed. The accumulation of 99mTc-MIBI complexes prepared by two above mentioned modalities were approximately 3 ± 0.1 % in the rats’ heart. The ultrasound irradiation technique is recommended to prepared 99mTc-MIBI complex in efficiently amount. Our approach can potentially reduce medical risk to the patient by avoiding any delay in acute therapy particularly for myocardial infarction patients.     

Determination of Total Iron in Environmental Samples by Solid Phase Extraction with Dimethyl(E)‐2‐(2‐Methoxyphenoxy)‐2‐Butenedioate

A novel solid phase extraction technique for determination of total iron in environmental water samples was developed. The method is based on sorption of Fe(III) ions on octadecyl silica membrane disk modified with a new synthetic ligand dimethyl(E)‐2‐(2‐methoxyphenoxy)‐2‐butenedioate (I). Iron(III) is quantitatively retained on the disk in the pH range of 3–7 at a flow rate of 1–7 mL min⁻¹. The Fe(III) eluted with 10 mL of 0.01 M EDTA and than was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) at 248.3 nm. The maximum capacity disk modified by 7 mg of ligand was found to be 197 ± 2 μg of iron(III). The breakthrough volume was greater than 2000 mL. The iron(III) was completely recovered (> 99%) from water with a preconcentration factor of more than 200. The limit of detection of the proposed method was 1.00 ng mL⁻¹. The various cationic and anionic interferences had no effect on the recovery of iron(III) from the binary mixtures. The proposed method was successfully applied to determination of total iron from three different water samples.     

Polymeric conjugates for drug delivery

The field of polymer therapeutics has evolved over the past decade and has resulted in the development of polymer-drug conjugates with a wide variety of architectures and chemical properties. Whereas traditional non-degradable polymeric carriers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide) (HPMA) copolymers have been translated to use in the clinic, functionalized polymer-drug conjugates are increasingly being utilized to obtain biodegradable, stimuli-sensitive, and targeted systems in an attempt to further enhance localized drug delivery and ease of elimination. In addition, the study of conjugates bearing both therapeutic and diagnostic agents has resulted in multifunctional carriers with the potential to both "see and treat" patients. In this paper, the rational design of polymer-drug conjugates will be discussed followed by a review of different classes of conjugates currently under investigation. The design and chemistry used for the synthesis of various conjugates will be presented with additional comments on their potential applications and current developmental status.     

Common tripled fixed point results in cone metric type spaces

In this paper, we prove some common tripled fixed point and tripled coincidence point results for contractive conditions in a cone metric type space. Our results extend, unify and generalize well-known results in the literature, in particular the recent results of Aydi et al. (Fixed Point Theory Appl 2012:134, 2012). Some examples are also presented to validate our obtained results and new concepts.     

Sensitivity Analysis of Merit Function in Solving Nonlinear Equations by Optimization

To solve nonlinear equations by an optimization method, scaling is very important. Two types of poor scaling where: (a) the variables differ greatly in magnitude; (b) the merit function of system is highly sensitive to small changes in certain variables and relatively insensitive to changes in other variables. If poor scaling is ignored, the algorithm may produce solutions with poor quality. To solve (a), we can change units of variables. A numerical solution of the nonlinear equations produced by the finite volume method in the forced convective heat transfer of a nanofluid, as a case study, indicates that the poor scaling (b) is solved by using the Euclidean norm of columns of the Jacobian matrix as scaling data, while some researchers proposed diagonal elements of the Hessian matrix as scaling data.     

Synthesis and characterization of new optically active copoly(amid-imide)s based on N-phthalimido-L-aspartic acid and aromatic diamines

<正>In this article,six new optically active copoly(amide-imide)s(10a-f) were synthesized through the direct polycondensation reaction of N-phthalimido-L-aspartic acid(4) with 1,5-diamino naphthalene(8),3,4-diamino benzophenone(9) in the presence of therphthahc acid(7),fumaric acid(6) and adipic acid(5) as a second diacid in a medium consisting of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone,triphenyl phosphite, calcium chloride and pyridine.The resulting copolymers were fully characterized by means of FT-IR spectroscopy,elemental analyses, inherent viscosity,solubility tests and UV-vis spectroscopy.Thermal properties of resulting copolymers(10a-c) containing three different second diacid in the main chain were compared by using TGA and DTG thermograms.     

Dramatic influence of the substitution of alkylidene-5H-furan-2-ones in Diels-Alder cycloadditions with o-quinonedimethide as diene partner: en route to the CDEF polycyclic ring system of lactonamycin

An efficient and rapid synthesis of the CDEF ring system of lactonamycinone is reported via a highly chemo- and diastereoselective intermolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition between trans-1,2-disilyloxybenzocyclobutene and the appropriate γ-alkylidenebutenolide. The feasibility and the total chemoselectivity of the [4 + 2] cycloaddition for the construction of a spirolactone moiety via an intramolecular approach (IMDA) using both partners is also described demonstrating the versatility of the γ-alkylidenebutenolide building block.     

A novel acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/poly(ethylene glycol) membrane: preparation,characterization, and gas permeation study

Polymeric membranes were prepared by blending different grades of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the added polymer with acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene as the backbone structure. The membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffractometry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the gas permeation and separation properties of CO₂/CH₄ were studied. In addition, the effect of pressure (1–8 bar) and the effect of PEG content (0–40 wt%) on CO₂ and CH₄ permeability/selectivity were investigated. The results showed that, in more cases, with the introduction of PEG molecules, CO₂/CH₄ selectivity increases without significant changes in CH₄ permeability, indicating that the incorporation of intermolecular interaction is suitable for the separation of gas pairs with no molecular size domination but the solution–diffusion. From the viewpoint of gas separation applications, the resultant data are in the commercially attractive region. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Detection and Evaluation of Normal and Malignant Cells Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy

The aim of this research is to study the normalized fluorescence spectra (intensity variations and area under the fluorescence signal), relative quantum yield, extinction coefficient and intracellular properties of normal and malignant human bone cells. Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (LIFS) upon excitation of 405 nm, the comparison of emission spectra of bone cells revealed that fluorescence intensity and the area under the spectra of malignant bone cells was less than that of normal. In addition, the area ratio and shape factor were changed. We obtained two emission bands in spectra of normal cells centered at about 486 and 575 nm and for malignant cells about 482 and 586 nm respectively, which are most likely attributed to NADH and riboflavins. Using fluorescein sodium emission spectrum, the relative quantum yield of bone cells is numerically determined.     

PT-Symmetric Talbot Effects

We show that complex PT-symmetric photonic lattices can lead to a new class of self-imaging Talbot effects. For this to occur, we find that the input field pattern has to respect specific periodicities dictated by the symmetries of the system. While at the spontaneous PT-symmetry breaking point the image revivals occur at Talbot lengths governed by the characteristics of the passive lattice, at the exact phase it depends on the gain and loss parameter, thus allowing one to control the imaging process.