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11.
Hydraulic permeability is studied in porous media consisting of randomly distributed monodisperse spheres by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The packing of spheres is generated by inserting a certain number of nonoverlapping spherical particles inside a cubic box at both low and high packing fractions using proper algorithms. Fluid flow simulations are performed within the interparticulate porous space by solving Navier-Stokes equations in a low-Reynolds laminar flow regime. The hydraulic permeability is calculated from the Darcy equation once the mean values of velocity and pressure gradient are calculated across the particle packing. The simulation results for the pressure drop across the packing are verified by the Ergun equation for the lower range of porosities (<0.75), and the Stokes equation for higher porosities (∼1). Using the results of simulations, the effects of porosity and particle diameters on the hydraulic permeability are investigated. Simulations precisely specified the range of applicability of empirical or semi-empirical correlations for hydraulic permeability, namely the Carman-Kozeny, Rumpf-Gupte, and Howells-Hinch formulas. The number of spheres in the model is gradually decreased from 2000 to 20 to discover the finite-size effect of pores on the hydraulic permeability of spherical packing, which has not been clearly addressed in the literature. In addition, the scale dependence of hydraulic permeability is studied via simulations of the packing of spheres shrunk to lower scales. The results of this work not only reveal the validity range of the aforementioned correlations, but also show the finite-size effect of pores and the scale-independence of direct CFD simulations for hydraulic permeability. 相似文献
12.
C. Gonilho Pereira R. Fangueiro S. Jalali M. Araujo P. Marques 《Mechanics of Composite Materials》2008,44(3):221-230
This paper reports on the development of braided reinforced composite rods as a substitute for the steel reinforcement in
concrete. The research work aims at understanding the mechanical behaviour of core-reinforced braided fabrics and braided
reinforced composite rods, namely concerning the influence of the braiding angle, the type of core reinforcement fibre, and
preloading and postloading conditions. The core-reinforced braided fabrics were made from polyester fibres for producing braided
structures, and E-glass, carbon, HT polyethylene, and sisal fibres were used for the core reinforcement. The braided reinforced
composite rods were obtained by impregnating the core-reinforced braided fabric with a vinyl ester resin. The preloading of
the core-reinforced braided fabrics and the postloading of the braided reinforced composite rods were performed in three and
two stages, respectively. The results of tensile tests carried out on different samples of core-reinforced braided fabrics
are presented and discussed. The tensile and bending properties of the braided reinforced composite rods have been evaluated,
and the results obtained are presented, discussed, and compared with those of conventional materials, such as steel.
Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 327–338, May–June, 2008. 相似文献
13.
A new series of amphiphilic β-cyclodextrins were designed and synthesized by grafting peptide chains on to all primary hydroxyl groups via ester bond formation. The desired amphiphilic structures have been produced from ester connection between the C-6 of β-cyclodextrin and the carboxyl group of N-acetylated resides: H2N-Leu-COOH, H2N-Leu-Gly-COOH, H2N-Leu-Gly-Leu-COOH, and H2N-Leu-Gly-Leu-Gly-COOH (3a-d). The synthetic pathway involves selective bromination of all primary hydroxyls of β-cyclodextrins and then substitution with the carboxylate moiety of the mentioned N-acetyl residues in the presence of DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene). The ability of the synthetic compounds for extraction and phase transfer of glucosamine, as a hydrophilic organic compound, was then studied. The results showed a considerable ability of these amphiphilic compounds for extraction and a selective tendency of 3c for phase transfer of glucosamine. 相似文献
14.
The speed of image processing is limited by image acquisition circuitry. While optical pattern recognition techniques can reduce the computational burden on digital image processing, their image correlation rates are typically low due to the use of spatial optical elements. Here we report a method that overcomes this limitation and enables fast real-time analog image recognition at a record correlation rate of 36.7 MHz--1000 times higher rates than conventional methods. This technique seamlessly performs image acquisition, correlation, and signal integration all optically in the time domain before analog-to-digital conversion by virtue of optical space-to-time mapping. 相似文献
15.
Fard A Yang JY Buckley B Wang J Chitgarha MR Zhang L Willner AE Jalali B 《Optics letters》2011,36(19):3804-3806
Optical performance monitoring of high-capacity networks is one of the enabling technologies of future reconfigurable optical switch networks. In such networks, rapid performance evaluation of data streams becomes challenging due to the use of advanced modulation formats and high data rates. The time-stretch enhanced recording oscilloscope offers a potential solution to monitoring high-rate data in a practical time scale. Here we demonstrate an architecture with a differential detection front end for simultaneous I/Q data monitoring of a 100 gigabits/s return-to-zero differential quadrature phase-shift keying signal. This demonstration shows the potential of this technology for rapid performance monitoring of high-rate optical data streams that employ advanced modulation formats. 相似文献
16.
S. Jalali Akerdi G. Grivani H. Stoeckli-Evans A. D. Khalaji 《Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry》2011,37(5):394-398
New dinuclear copper(II)-azido complex [Cu2((3,4-MeO-Ba)2En)2(μ1,1-N3)2(N3)2] (I) ((3,4-MeO-Ba)2En = N,N′-bis(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-1,2-diaminoethane) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR
spectroscopy, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Complex I consists of a dinuclear unit that represents a new example of a copper(II)-azido compound and the Cu2+ ions are bridged by two azido ions in a double end-on fashion, consisting of two terminally bonded azido ligands. The Schiff
base ligand (3,4-MeO-Ba)2En is chelated by two imino nitrogen atoms. 相似文献
17.
Heravi Majid M. Bakhtiari Khadijeh Alinejhad Hamideh Saeedi Mina Malakooti Reihane 《中国化学》2010,28(2):269-272
β‐Aminoalcohols were synthesized in high yields by reaction of epoxides with amines in the presence of MCM‐41 as a green and reusable catalyst under solvent‐free conditions. 相似文献
18.
19.
Hamideh Sanei Ahmad Asoodeh Shirin Hamedakbari-Tusi Jamshidkhan Chamani 《Journal of solution chemistry》2011,40(11):1905-1931
The interactions of colchicine (COL) and aspirin (ASA) with human hemoglobin (HB) was studied by fluorescence, UV/vis absorption, resonance light scattering, synchronous fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic techniques under physiological conditions. The inherent binding information, including the quenching mechanism, binding constants, number of binding sites, effective quenching constant, fraction of the initial fluorescence and thermodynamic parameters were determined by the fluorescence quenching technique at different temperatures. The results proved that the mechanism of fluorescence quenching of HB by COL and ASA is due to formation of HB–drug complexes in the binary and ternary systems. The distance between the acceptor drugs and HB was estimated by Förster’s equation on the basis of fluorescence energy transfer. In addition, according to the synchronous fluorescence spectra of HB, the results showed that the fluorescence quenching of HB originated solely from the tryptophan residues and indicated a conformational change for HB caused by addition of the drugs. Far-UV CD spectra of HB were recorded before and after the addition of ASA and COL both as binary and ternary systems. An increase in intensity of the positive CD peak of HB was observed in the presence of these drugs. The results were interpreted as excited state interactions between the aromatic residues of the HB binding sites and the drugs bound to them. 相似文献
20.
Liang C Xia W Soltani-Ahmadi H Schluter O Fischer RA Muhler M 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2005,(2):282-284
Highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles supported on carbon nanofibers, which show high catalytic activity and stability in the hydrogenation of cyclooctene, were synthesized by the two-step metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of allylcyclopentadienylpalladium (Pd(allyl)Cp) as precursor at atmospheric pressure. 相似文献