Hemolysis of Erythrocytes and Erythrocyte Membrane Fluidity Changes by New Lysosomotropic Compounds

This work contains the results of studies on the influence of newly synthesized lysosomotropic substances (lysosomotropes) on human erythrocytes. Six homologous series of the compounds differing in the alkyl chain length and counterions were studied. They were found to hemolyse erythrocytes and to change their osmotic resistance. The observed hemolytic effects were dependent both on the compounds structure (polar head dimension and alkyl chain length of compound) and its form (the kind of the counterion). In parallel, the influence of lysosomotropes on fluidity of the erythrocyte membrane was studied. Three different fluorescent probes were used; 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH), 1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, p-toluenesulfonate (TMA-DPH) and 6-dodecanoyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene (laurdan). Their anisotropy (DPH and TMA-DPH) or general polarization (laurdan) values after incorporation into ghost erythrocyte membranes were measured. The results obtained show that fluidity changes accompanied the effects observed in hemolytic experiments both quantitatively and qualitatively.     

Thiolactame als Reagenzien in der quantitativen Analyse

Zusammenfassung Die hohe Empfindlichkeit und große Selektivität der zwischen Thiocaprylolactam und Halogenwisniutaten stattfindenden Reaktion ermöglicht die kolorimetrische Wismutbestimmung. Die gefärbten Jod-, Bromund Chlorwismutat-Tkp-Komplexe werden mit Chloroform extrahiert und im VSU-1 -Photometer gemessen. Nach dieser Methode können l bis 30g Bi³⁺/ml bestimmt werden.

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Summary The high sensitivity and great selectivity of the reaction between thiocaprylolactam and halogen bismuthates makes feasible a colorimetric determination of bismuth. The colored iodo-, bromo- and chloro-bismuthate Tkp complexes are extracted into chloroform and measured in a VSU-l-photometer. Bismuth can be determined by this method in the concentration range of 1–30 Bi³⁺/ml.

     

Application of thermal imaging to assess the superficial skin temperature distribution after local cryotherapy and ultrasound

Thermal imaging is a safe, noninvasive, and quite low-cost technique that allows for the rapid and noninvasive recording of thermal radiation emitted by the human body. In recent years, it is increasingly used for physiotherapy monitoring. The main goal of the study was to compare the influence of two various treatments applied in two various orders, namely local cryotherapy (CRYO) and ultrasound therapy (US). The impact of combined therapies, applied in two various orders, was studied in terms of changes of the superficial temperature distribution on the front right thigh surface. The response to the therapy depending the treated persons’ gender, along with a consensual reaction, was examined. The research material consisted of 30 healthy volunteers, 19–23-year old students, aged 19.93 (± 1.42). All treatments were performed at weekly intervals in the following order: in the first week, CRYO immediately followed by US, and in the second week, ultrasound immediately followed by local cryotherapy. All treatments were performed on the right quadriceps. The combined sequence of local cryotherapy and ultrasound therapy caused temperature decrease in the treated area regardless of their performance order. The temperature decrease considerably depends on the sequence of the applied treatments, and it was more significant after the ultrasound–cryotherapy sequence. Moreover, these changes also lasted longer. Statistically significant influence of the subjects’ gender was observed in case of consensual reaction.     

Reaction of polyfluoroalkenes with diphenylacetonitrile carbanion in a two-phase system

The carbanion of diphenylacetonitrile (DPA) generated in a catalytic two phase system reacts with polyfluoroalkenes to give addition-elimination products. Reaction of DPA with some polyfluorochloroalkanes was studied; elimination, addition-elimination and S_N2 reactions were observed.     

New Polish certified reference materials for multielement inorganic trace analysis

Summary An overview of the activities of the Polish Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology in the field of preparation and certification of reference materials for multielement trace analysis is presented. A general strategy has been worked out and is briefly described with more detailed emphasis on the problem of data evaluation. Two geological-environmental materials recently issued [i.e. an Apatite Concentrate (CTA-AC-1) and Fine Fly Ash (CTA-FFA-1)] which were certified for 25 and 40 elements, respectively, are described. The preparation and testing of a new CRM of biological origin Oriental Tobacco Leaves (CTA-OTL-1) is presented in detail, including study of the optimum methods for drying, checking homogeneity, radiation sterilization etc. Interlaboratory comparison, in which 61 laboratories participated, yielded results enabling recommended (certified) values for 29 elements and information values for further 11 elements to be established.     

Configuration and conformation of methyl 2,3-anhydro-4-deoxy-pyranosides by 1H and 13C NMR spectra

¹³C NMR spectra of 24 methyl 2,3-anhydro-4-deoxy-pento and hexopyranosides have been obtained. ¹H NMR spectra were also recorded for comparison purposes. The ¹³C NMR data can be used for differentiation of the stereo-isomeric epoxide configuration. ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra give some insight, though still of qualitative nature, into conformation of epoxy compounds.     

Spectrophotometric extractive determination of thiolactams with picric acid and silver

Summary Spectrophotometric Extractive Determination of Thiolactams with Picric Acid and Silver The thiolactams (Tpl, Tpr, Tkl, Tel) form with Ag⁺ and picric acid in solutions a complex with a molar ratio of AgTLpicric acid=1:1:1, which can be extracted into chloroform. The composition of the solid complexes of thiolactam is 121 (AgTLR). The formation of ternary complexes was used in the spectrophotometric determination of thiolactams in a concentration range of 0.2–5.0g/ml. Lactams do not influence the analytical response. The method is applicable to the determination of the thiolactams in a mixture of caprolactam and in xylene solutions during their synthesis.Communication presented at the European Conference on Analytical Chemistry (Euroanalysis V) Cracow, Poland, August 26–31, 1984.     

Studies of photochemical transformations in polystyrene and styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer

Thin films of polystyrene (PS) and styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (St-MAn) were exposed to monochromatic UV radiation (254 nm) for varied time intervals. The course of photochemical transformations was monitored by absorption spectroscopy (FT-IR, UV-vis) and thermogravimetry, which were also applied for the estimation of the thermal stability of samples studied. The changes of surface properties were monitored by contact angle measurements.Changes in chemical structure were found in irradiated films (inside and at the surface). The efficiency of photooxidative degradation in St-MAn copolymer was slightly lower than that in PS homopolymer but photo-crosslinking and chromophore formation were enhanced. An increase of hydrophilicity and oxidation degree in UV-irradiated samples was accompanied by destruction processes. The thermal stability of St-MAn was lower in comparison to polystyrene alone.The mechanism of photochemical reactions in the copolymer is proposed.     

Synthesis of sidisterone, a phytoecdysteroid from Silene dioica (L.) Clairv.

The first synthesis of the natural phytoecdysteroid sidisterone is realized. It is based on the isoxazoline ring reductive cleavage of 20-hydroxy-20-isoxazolynylecdysterone, acid-catalyzed cyclization of the resultant ketodiol into a dihydrofuran derivative, and ozonolysis of the exocyclic double bond of the latter.