The Hadamard Inequality For Convex Function Via Fractional Integrals

In this paper, we establish several inequalities for some differantiable mappings that are connected with the Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals. The analysis used in the proofs is fairly elementary.     

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Thermal Behavior and IR Characterization of Pentacarbonyl(4-methylpyridine)chromium(0) Complex

Abstract  Pentacarbonyl(4-methylpyridine)chromium(0) complex was isolated from n-hexane solution as yellow plate-like crystals and characterized by using X-ray crystallography. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with the space group Cmcm and Z = 4. The unit cell parameters are a = 11.737(1) ?, b = 12.857(2) ?, c = 8.465(1) ?. The single crystal X-ray structure of the complex shows that the coordination sphere around the chromium central atom is slightly distorted octahedron, involving the 4-methylpyridine (4-mp), ligand as a monodentate N-donor ligand and five carbonyl groups. The four equatorial CO groups in the complex, with the Cr–C2 distance of 1.886 Ǻ, are slightly bent away from the 4-methylpyridine ligand with the N–Cr–C2 angle of 91.69°. The pyridine ring plane makes an angle of 135.17° with the Cr–N–CO bond axis. The thermal analysis (differential thermal analysis and thermal gravimetry) and IR spectra of the complex indicated that the compound undergoes complete decomposition to form the Cr₂O₃ as the final decomposition product. Index Abstract  The crystal structure of pentacarbonyl(4-methylpyridine)chromium(0) complex has been determined and its thermal behavior has also been studied.      

Crystal structure,spectroscopic characterization,DFT computations and molecular docking study of a synthesized Zn(II) complex

The Zn(II) complex, dichloro[N-hydroxy-1,1-di(2-pyridinyl)methanimine]zinc(II), was synthesized from the reaction between ZnCl₂ and di-2-pyridylketone oxime. The structural and spectral characterizations were performed by using single crystal X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, Laser-Raman, NMR and UV–Vis spectroscopic techniques. To support experimental evidences, computational results were obtained with the DFT/B3LYP method using the 6-311++G(d,p)+LanL2DZ mixed basis set. Theoretical analyses of some structural and spectroscopic results of effects of intermolecular Cl···H interactions in the crystal packing of the Zn(II) complex were investigated with the mentioned computational level. The non-bonding interactions in the experimental crystal packing of the complex were examined by Hirshfeld surface analysis. The HOMO and LUMO analyses were used for investigation of electronic transitions obtained with UV–Vis spectroscopy. NBO analyses were used to investigate the hyperconjugation interactions between donor and acceptor groups, coordination environment, electronic configuration and electron numbers of the Zn(II) metal ion and the natural atomic charges of the complex. The nucleophilic and electrophilic reactive sites of the complex were studied by MEP surface analysis. The static polarizabilities (α) and static hyperpolarizabilities (β) were analyzed theoretically to characterize NLO profile of the complex. The interaction with A-DNA (PDB ID: 1ZF6) of the Zn(II) complex was investigated with a molecular docking study.     

Synthesis and characterization of epoxy resins containing imine group and their curing processes with aromatic diamine

The epoxy resins containing imine bonding were prepared from hydroxyl substituted Schiff base monomers in two steps. At the first step, hydroxyl substituted Schiff base monomers were synthesized via condensation reaction. At the second step, epoxy resins were synthesized from the reaction between Schiff base monomers and epichlorohydrine (EPC). Then curing processes of epoxy resins were achieved by p-phenylenediamine compound. The structures of resulting compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, UV-Vis and ¹H-NMR. TG-DTA and DSC measurements were performed for thermal characterizations of the compounds. Chemical resistances of the cured epoxy-amine systems were determined for coating applications in acidic, alkaline and organic solvents. HCl (10%, aqueous solution), NaOH (10%, aqueous solution), DMSO, DMF, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethanol, THF and acetone were used for corrosion tests. Chemical resistance data of the synthesized epoxy resins demonstrated that they have good chemical resistance against various acid, alkaline and common organic solvents. Surface morphologies of epoxy resin and the cured epoxy resin were determined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. Also, optical band gap (E_g) values of Schiff base monomers and epoxy resins were calculated from UV-Vis measurements.     

An effective method for the reduction of the device utilization amount in experimental realization of a fractional-order system

This study focuses on the experimental realization of the fractional-order FitzHugh–Nagumo (FHN) neuron model. Firstly, a second-order approximation function is included to the FHN neuron model to satisfy the fractional-order definition. Since these approximation functions can meet the response of the ideal system only in a limited frequency band, the identification of their center frequency is very critical. Thus, the center frequency ‘ω_c’ of this second-order approximation functions is swept until getting the spiking responses of this neuron model for the first time in this study. After the center frequency is determined, this approximation function is transferred into the ‘z’ domain by employing the Tustin discretization operator. This achieved discrete defined and fractional-order FHN neuron model becomes suitable for implementation on the digital platforms. To verify the proficiency of the proposed sweeping process experimentally, the fractional-order FHN model in ‘z’ domain is implemented on the FPGA platform. After these applications, the order of the approximation function is reduced to one. Once this followed frequency sweeping process is repeated for the first-order approximation, the fractional-order FHN neuron model, which is built by this least-order approximation function, is also implemented with the FPGA. Therefore, the reductions of the device utilization amounts by using this least-order approximation function and the importance of the specific frequency identification process are seen clearly.

     

A new ternary Cu (II) complex with 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and NOO-type tridentate Schiff base ligand: Synthesis,crystal structure,biomacromolecular interactions,and radical scavenging activities

NOO-type tridentate Schiff base, N-salicylidene-2-aminobenzoic acid, (H₂L), and its ternary Cu (II) complex containing H₂L Schiff base and 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (4,7-dmphen), [Cu(4,7-dmphen)(H₂L)]₂7H₂O, have been synthesized and characterized by CHN analysis, ESI-MS, FTIR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The interaction of alone H₂L Schiff base ligand and ternary Cu (II) complex with biomacramolecules {calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA)} has been investigated by electronic absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The experimental results indicate that H₂L Schiff base ligand and ternary Cu (II) complex bind to CT-DNA by means of a moderate intercalation mode. Furthermore, the fluorescence quenching mechanism between H₂L Schiff base ligand and ternary Cu (II) complex with BSA possesses a static quenching process. Radical scavenging activity of H₂L Schiff base ligand and ternary Cu (II) complex was measured in terms of EC₅₀, using the DPPH and H₂O₂ methods. Biomacromolecule interactions and scavenging activity studies revealed that ternary Cu (II) complex yielded better results than H₂L Schiff base ligand alone.     

Similarity of hybrid numbers

The set of hybrid numbers $𝕂$ is a noncommutative number system that unified and generalized the complex, dual, and double (hyperbolic) numbers with the relation ih =− hi =ε+ i. Two hybrid numbers p and q are said to be similar if there exist a nonlightlike hybrid number x satisfying the equality x ⁻¹ qx = p . And, it is denoted by p ∼ q . In this paper, we study the concept of similarity for hybrid numbers by solving the linear equations px = xq and qx − xp = c for $\text{◂,▸}\mathbf{p},\mathbf{q},\mathbf{c}\in 𝕂\mathbf{.}$     

Cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of a Schiff base ligand: synthesis,structural characterization and luminescence properties

A Schiff base ligand (HL), 2,4-dimethoxy-N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-benzenamine, derived from 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2,4-dimethoxyaniline, and its metal complexes [Co(L)₂]·CH₃OH (1), [Ni(L)₂] (2), [Cu(L)₂] (3) have been synthesized. The compounds were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods. In addition, the structures of the Schiff base HL and its Co(II) complex were determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The Co(II) center is six-coordinate, being coordinated to two imine nitrogen, two phenolate oxygen and two methoxy oxygen atoms of two crystallographically independent Schiff base ligands. Luminescence properties of HL and its complexes were investigated both in solution and in the solid state.     

Surfactant-assisted polyol preparation of nickel powders with different morphologies

Sub-micrometer nickel powders of controlled size and morphology were produced by a surfactant-assisted polyol method, using ethylene glycol (EG) as solvent and reductant in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant and NaOH. The resultant Ni powders were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, and FTIR. Spherical, hexagonal, and triangular fcc Ni powders from 0.30 to 0.60 μm were obtained in the presence of SDS; irregular spherical fcc Ni powders were obtained in its absence. The concentrations of SDS, NaOH and Ni(CH₃COO)₂·4H₂O greatly influence the product morphology and size.