A note on scalar meson dominance

We consider chiral perturbation theory with an explicit broad σ-meson and study its contribution to the scalar form factors of the pion and the nucleon. Our goal is to learn more about resonance saturation in the scalar sector.     

New class of chaotic systems with equilibrium points like a three-leaved clover

This paper presents a new class of chaotic systems with infinite number of equilibrium points like a three-leaved clover. They signify an exciting class of dynamical systems which represent many major characteristics of regular and chaotic motions. These chaotic systems belong to the general class of chaotic systems with hidden attractors. By using a systematic computer search, three chaotic systems with three-leaved-clover-shaped equilibria were found which are classified into dissipative systems. Dynamics of the chaotic system with the three-leaved-clover-equilibria has been investigated by using phase portraits, bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponents, Kaplan–Yorke dimension and Poincaré map. Moreover, an electronic circuit implementation of the theoretical system is designed to check its effectiveness. Random number generator design has been realized with newly developed chaotic systems. The obtained random bit sequences are used for image encryption. Security analysis of image encryption processes has been performed.     

Experimental and Theoretical Spectral(FT-IR,Raman,NMR,UV-Vis and NLO)Analysis of a Potential Anti-Tumor Drug:1-Methyl-6-Nitro-1H-Benzimidazole

In the present work, the experimental and the theoretical spectroscopic properties of 1-Methyl-6-Nitro-1H- Benzimidazole were investigated. The FT-IR (400~4 000 cm-1) and FT-Raman spectra (100~4 000 cm-1) of 1-Methyl-6-Nitro-1H- Benzimidazole in the solid phase were recorded. Also, experimental NMR and UV spectra of titled molecule were measured. To interpret the experimental data, geometric parameters, vibrational frequencies, NMR, UV spectra and NLO analysis of the optimized molecule were calculated using ab initio Hartree–Fock (HF) method and density functional theory (B3LYP) method with the 6-31++G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets. Vibrational bands were assigned based on the potential energy distribution using the VEDA 4 program. The theoretical results showed good agreement with the experimental values.     

Genetic programming modelling for the electrical resistivity of Cu–Zn thin films

Using quantum hydrodynamic (QHD) model and standard reductive perturbation method, we have investigated the formation and characteristics of space-charge solitary waves and double layers in n-type compensated drifting semiconductor plasma with varying doping profiles. Through numerical analysis, it is shown that the structures of space-charge solitary waves and double layers depend significantly on electron drift and compensation parameter which measures a comparative proportion of the donor, acceptor and intrinsic ion concentrations.     

Investigation of Antimicrobial Properties of QASs<Superscript>+</Superscript> (Novel Synthesis)

Quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) are bioactive materials known for their antimicrobial effects. However, it is difficult to provide desirable quaternary ammonium salts. Thus, firstly new quarternary ammonium salts which are not in the literature were synthesized and organoclays were prepared with different quarternary ammonium salts content. The organoclays included quaternary ammonium salts such as N,N-di (3-methyl butyl)-N-(1-phenylethyl)-N-methyl ammonium Iodide (QAS-1), N,N-dipentil-N-(1-phenylethyl)-N-methyl ammonium Iodide (QAS-2), and N,N-dihexcyl-N-(1-phenylethyl)-N-methyl ammonium Iodide (QAS-3) which were newly synthesized for modification of Na⁺-montmorillonite (Na⁺-Mt) and were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Synthesized organoclays were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Characterization results proved that the modification is performed with high performance and as seen in the XRD results, the interstratum distances increased considerably and the diffraction angles decreased. The antimicrobial activity of the organoclays against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were studied in detail and were obtained much larger inhibition zones than similar studies. QAS-3-Mt organoclay showed the maximum of antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. As is known, organoclay comes among the fillers that play the most effective role in the synthesis of composite materials. In this context, the product we have synthesized is unique and can be used for many purposes.     

Gegenbauer wavelet collocation method for the extended Fisher-Kolmogorov equation in two dimensions

Gegenbauer wavelets operational matrices play an important role in the numeric solution of differential equations. In this study, operational matrices of rth integration of Gegenbauer wavelets are derived and used to obtain an approximate solution of the nonlinear extended Fisher-Kolmogorov (EFK) equation in two-space dimension. Nonlinear EFK equation is converted into the linear partial differential equation by quasilinearization technique. Numerical examples have shown that present method is convergent even in the case of a small number of grid points. The results of the presented method are in a good agreement with the results in literature.     

Bis(2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline‐κ2N,N′)copper(I) hydrogen squarate hemihydrate

In the crystal structure of the synthetically prepared title compound, [Cu(C₁₄H₁₂N₂)₂](C₄HO₄)·0.5H₂O or [Cu(dmphen)₂](HSq)·0.5H₂O (dmphen is 2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline or neocuproine and HSq is hydrogen squarate), the Cu^I centre has distorted tetra­hedral coordination geometry comprised of four N atoms from two bidentate dmphen ligands. The squarate monoanions form a ten‐membered dimer, graph set R₂²(10), linked by two strong inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These squarate dimers are linked into chains that propagate along the [100] direction. An extensive three‐dimensional network of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π inter­actions is responsible for stabilization of the crystal structure.     

catena‐Poly[[[diaqua­bis(pyridine‐4‐carboxamide‐κN)copper(II)]‐μ2‐squarato‐κO1:O3] dihydrate]

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, {[Cu(C₄O₄)(C₆H₆N₂O)₂(H₂O)₂]·2H₂O}_n, consists of one pyridine‐4‐carbox­amide (isonicotinamide or ina) ligand, one‐half of a squarate dianion, a coordinated aqua ligand and a solvent water mol­ecule. Both the Cu^II and the squarate ions are located on inversion centers. The Cu^II ions are octa­hedrally surrounded by four O atoms of two water mol­ecules and two squarate anions, and by two N atoms of the isonicotinamide ligands. The crystal structure contains chains of squarate‐1,3‐bridged Cu^II ions. These chains are held together by N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O inter­molecular hydrogen‐bond inter­actions, forming an extensive three‐dimensional network.     

离子交换固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定方便面皮复合包装袋中2,4-二氨基甲苯的迁移量

建立了方便面皮复合包装袋中2,4-二氨基甲苯迁移量的离子交换固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用检测方法。样品用4%（v/v）乙酸溶液浸泡,然后采用MCX混合型阳离子交换柱富集净化,以5.0 mL水淋洗小柱,用3.0 mL 5%（v/v）氨化甲醇洗脱样品,洗脱液经过溶剂交换,七氟丁酸酐衍生后,用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对目标物进行检测,外标法定量。2,4-二氨基甲苯在1~50 μg/L范围内,线性相关系数（r）为0.9991,检出限（S/N=3）为0.2 μg/L,定量限（S/N=10）为0.6 μg/L,回收率在89.0%~94.2%之间,相对标准偏差为1.9%~3.6%。该方法的前处理过程无需调节提取液的pH值,也不需要液液萃取,大幅简化了前处理过程,降低了有机溶剂的消耗,具有操作便捷、结果准确的优点,适用于方便面皮复合包装袋中2,4-二氨基甲苯迁移量的检测。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定奶粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐

建立了一种测定奶粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐含量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。样品经0.1%（v/v）甲酸水-乙腈提取,10000 r/min下离心10 min后,上清液经PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化;采用离子交换色谱分离,色谱柱为Thermo Scientific Acclaim TRINITY P1复合离子交换柱（50 mm×2.1 mm,3 μm）,以乙腈和20 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,MS/MS检测,内标法定量。结果显示,氯酸盐和高氯酸盐分别在2.0~40.0 μg/L和1.0~20.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r²）大于0.999,方法的定量限分别为15.0和7.5 μg/kg。氯酸盐和高氯酸盐分别在30.0、60.0、120.0 μg/kg和15.0、30.0、60.0 μg/kg 3个水平下的加标回收率为89.24%~107.85%,相对标准偏差为3.15%~10.42%（n=6）。该方法简便快捷、准确可靠,能适用于奶粉样品的测定。