Structure–reactivity relationships of alkyl α‐hydroxymethacrylate derivatives

A series of alkyl α‐hydroxymethacrylate derivatives with various secondary functionalities (ether, ester, carbonate, and carbamate) and terminal groups (alkyl, cyano, oxetane, cyclic carbonate, phenyl and morpholine) were synthesized to investigate the effect of intermolecular interactions, H‐bonding, π–π interactions, and dipole moment on monomer reactivity. All of the monomers except one ester and one ether derivative are novel. The polymerization rates, determined by using photo‐DSC, showed the average trend (aromatic carbamate > hydroxyl > ester > carbonate ～ aliphatic carbamate ～ ether), with several exceptions due to the differences in terminal groups. There is a correlation between the chemical shift differences of the double bond carbons, the calculated dipole moments, and the reactivities only for nonhydrogen bonded monomers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011     

Soluble alkyl substituted poly(3,4‐propylenedioxyselenophene)s: A new platform for optoelectronic materials

Optical and electrochemical properties of regiosymmetric and soluble alkylenedioxyselenophene‐based electrochromic polymers, namely poly(3,3‐dibutyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐selenopheno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxephine) (PProDOS‐C₄), poly(3,3‐dihexyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐selenopheno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxephine) (PProDOS‐C₆), and poly(3,3‐didecyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐selenopheno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxephine) (PProDOS‐C₁₀), are highlighted. It is noted that these unique polymers have low bandgaps (1.57–1.65 eV), and they are exceptionally stable under ambient atmospheric conditions. Polymer films retained 82–97% of their electroactivity after 5000 cycles. The percent transmittance of PProDOS‐C_n (n = 4, 6, 10) films found to be between 55 and 59%. Furthermore, these novel soluble PProDOS‐C_n polymers showed electrochromic behavior: a color change form pure blue to highly transparent state in a low switching time (1.0 s) during oxidation with high coloration efficiencies (328–864 cm² C^?1) when compared to their thiophene analogues. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011     

Chiral lariat ethers as membrane carriers for chiral amino acids and their sodium and potassium salts

Four chiral lariat ethers 8–11 containing a (p-methoxyphenoxy) methyl side arm were used for chiral discrimination of amino acids in their zwitterionic form or as potassium and sodium salts in transport across a bulk chloroform membrane with satisfactory selectivity. The carriers that were employed exhibited different transport selectivity relative to the amino acids and their salts under study. The d/l selectivity strongly depends on the amino acids or their salts, and in some cases reverse selectivity has been obtained. The best selectivity was obtained in the case of tyrosine and its potassium salts for all carriers. The transport rates of amino acids and their salts were found to be controlled by factors such as the structure of the carriers and amino acids or their salts. Among these factors, it was also found that the side arm of the lariat ethers plays an important role in the transport process. As a consequence, the main goal of our investigation was to separate the chiral amino acids through liquid membranes.     

Can Sobolev Inequality Be Written for Sharma-Mittal Entropy?

In this paper, we focus on Sobolev inequality in the context of Sharma-Mittal entropy. Using this new inequality, generalized entropic uncertainty relation in accordance with Sharma-Mittal entropy is derived and the pseudoadditivity relation has been obtained. This new entropic uncertainty relation has then been applied to physical examples such as one dimensional harmonic oscillator and Pösch-Teller potential. Finally, it has been shown that for certain values of the parameters of Sharma-Mittal measure, the present results reduce to the corresponding results of Shannon, Renyi and Tsallis measures.     

Periodic Solutions and Approximate Symmetries

Assuming that a dynamical system (DS) has a periodic solutionwith period T in the neighborhood of an equilibrium, a newDS can be obtained which governs approximately the motion oftrajectories in the neighborhood of the periodic orbit. Approximatesymmetries and first integrals have been discussed for this DS. Theresults have been demonstrated on the Helmholtz oscillator.     

On Tauberian theorems for (<Emphasis Type="Italic">A,k</Emphasis>) summability method

Let (u _n ) be a sequence of real numbers. In this paper we introduce some Tauberian conditions in terms of regularly generated sequences for (A, k) summability method.     

Synthesis,crystal structure and catalytic activity for H2O2 disproportionation of the manganese(II) coordination polymer {[Mn(O2C(CF2)8CO2)(phen)2]H2O}n (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline)

The title polymeric complex {[Mn(O₂C(CF₂)₈CO₂)(phen)₂]H₂O}_n was synthesized through the reaction of 1,10-phenanthroline, perfluorosebacic acid and MnCO₃ · H₂O. The molecular structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, thermal gravimetry, IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy and its catalytic activity has been studied. X-ray structure analysis shows that each Mn(II) ion is octahedrally coordinated by two bidentate phenanthroline ligands and the carboxylate oxygen atoms from two symmetry related perfluorosebacate ligands, which are coordinated in cisoid positions. The structure consists of polymeric chains, with the perfluorosebacato ligand bridging the Mn(II) ions in a monodentate fashion. Crystallographic characterization shows a supramolecular structure involving hydrogen bonds, π–π and π-ring interactions. The catalytic results indicated that the complex has reasonably good activity towards the disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide into water and dioxygen in methanol and it does not exhibit saturation kinetics with the substrate. The initial reaction rates and their temperature and base dependencies were investigated by monitoring the dioxygen evolution. Kinetic studies revealed a first-order dependence on the catalyst concentration. Activation parameters have been calculated at 301 K.     

Asymmetric impacts of global risk appetite on the risk premium for an emerging market

This paper analyzes the impact of global risk appetite on the risk premium utilizing high-frequency data. Taking the Turkish economy as our laboratory, we find that the risk premium volatility responds only to a worsening in the risk appetite for the Turkish economy, which is a result that we do not observe for the other emerging markets. Then, we investigate the role of current account dynamics on this asymmetric effect, by focusing also on an economy with similar current account performance. The empirical results find supporting evidence for the role of current account dynamics on the estimated asymmetry.