随机参数智能桁架结构动力特性分析

文中针对随机参数压电智能桁架结构研究了基于概率的结构动力特性分析方法。建立了压电主动檑和被动杆结构材料的质量密度、弹性模量同时具有随机性时结构的刚度矩阵和质量矩阵；从结构振动的瑞利商表达式出发，利用代数综合法推导出结构特征值随机变量数字特征的计算表达式。最后通过两个算例考察了智能桁架结构物理参数的随机性对其动力特性的影响，并获得了一些有意义的结论。     

加热炉内板坯粘塑性下桡变形的研究

在加热妒内，由于高温及重力作用，板坯两端的悬臂将产生下桡变形。悬臂越长，下桡将越大，导致悬臂下桡部分与出口端墙相碰，影响出料而造成事故。本文对加热炉内板坯的下桡变形进行了分析计算。首先，建立了板坯的二维非稳态导热模型并用有限差分法计算了炉内板坯随时间的温度变化；然后建立了板坯悬臂粘塑性变形模型，用有限元法计算了高温条件下由重力引起的悬臂的下桡变形。由此理论模型计算出的板坯抽出温度与悬臂端下桡量与实测结果吻合良好，说明该理论模型及模型计算方法是正确的，可用于对装钢生产进行指导。     

内部爆炸作用下多层钢筒的动态响应

为评估内部爆炸作用下多层钢筒结构的防护效果,考察多层钢筒结构动态响应和变形吸能特征,采用两端开口、总厚度为50 mm的4层圆柱形Q345钢筒,在8.90~18.18 kg TNT药量下进行爆炸实验,并在容器外壁进行应变电测。实验后钢筒结构爆心局部发生塑性变形,内层钢筒变形最大,但未发生破坏。根据研究得到初步认识：采用爆心单位环面变形吸能的设计方法,可以较好地预估给定药量下所需钢筒的厚度;不同药量下,轴向距离超过多层钢筒结构的1/4内径后,其外壁环向变形峰值约减小为爆心截面环向应变峰值的1/2。

     

自然冷却和遇水冷却后高温花岗岩力-声特性试验研究

以松辽盆地露天花岗岩为研究对象,对自然冷却和遇水冷却后高温花岗岩进行单轴压、拉和声波测定试验.研究不同方式冷却后花岗岩温度(100℃、200℃、300℃、400℃、500℃、600℃、700℃、800℃,以下简称100℃-800℃)与表观形态、纵、横波波速、弹性模量、泊松比、抗压强度、抗拉强度间关系,并将纵、横波波速与抗压强度、弹性模量建立联系.同时考虑遇水冷却后静置过程对花岗岩力-声性质影响.研究表明:(1)静置0h-2h是质量损失、纵波波速下降主要时段,静置6h后变化率可以忽略;自由水损失量与力-声特性损失量存在一定线性关系;(2)温度升高,自然冷却后花岗岩纵、横波波速、弹性模量、抗压强度、抗拉强度呈线型下降,遇水冷却后呈凹线型下降;高于300℃,自然冷却后花岗岩力-声参数均大于遇水冷却,泊松比变化率与其相反,600℃时冷却方式不同对花岗岩纵、横波波速、弹性模量、抗压强度影响达到最大,遇水冷却比自然冷却分别低33.33%、31.88%、53.33%、31.74%,700℃-800℃时冷却方式对花岗岩力声特性影响减小;(3)温度变化,花岗岩纵、横波波速与抗压强度、弹性模量呈良好相关性.所得结论可以提高花岗岩力-声特性测量准确性,为力学特性预测提供一个可行方法,并为岩体工程安全稳定性评估提供依据.     

基于壁面主动变形的湍流减阻控制研究

采用谱方法, 对反向控制下壁面主动变形的槽道湍流进行了直接数值模 拟研究. 结果表明, 在壁面最大变形量小于5倍黏性尺度条件下, 压差阻力可略, 摩擦阻力 降低7.6%. 施加控制后, 湍流强度和雷诺应力受到明显抑制, 平均速度剖面对数区上移. 受壁面法向运动的影响, 条带结构强度减弱、尺度变大; 流向涡外移且强度减弱, 其倾斜和 抬起的角度均有不同程度的减小. 壁面变形呈现流向拉长的凹槽结构, 其平均间距 为90倍黏性尺度.     

Dependence of stress intensity factors on elastic constants for cracks in an orthotropic bimaterial with a thin film

An interface crack and a subinterface crack in an orthotropic bimaterial structure consisting of a thin film and a half plane substrate are analyzed. The orthotropic bimaterial structure is subjected to compressive load and bending moment per unit thickness. Complete expressions of stress intensity factors for the two cracks are obtained based on the path independence of the J integral, apart from one dimensionless parameter undetermined each. The dependence of the dimensionless parameters on material constants is examined. A reduction of the number of necessary material parameters for the parameters is made based upon the modified Stroh formalism. The explicit dependence of the dimensionless parameters on one orthotropic parameter for the film is determined by using the orthotropy rescaling technique. Variations of the dimensionless parameters with the other material parameters are also obtained through numerical computations.     

Numerical investigation of the effects of structural geometric and material nonlinearities on limit-cycle oscillation of a cropped delta wing

This article presents numerical simulations of the limit-cycle oscillation (LCO) of a cropped delta wing in order to investigate the effects of structural geometric and material nonlinearities on aeroelastic behavior. In the computational model, the structural part included both the geometric nonlinearity that arises from large deflections, and the material nonlinearity that originates from plasticity. The Euler equations were employed in the fluid part to describe the transonic aerodynamics. Moreover, the load transfer was conducted using a 3-D interpolating procedure, and the interfaces between the structural and aerodynamic domains were constructed in the form of an exact match. The flutter and LCO behaviors of the cropped delta wing were simulated using the coupling model, and the results were compared with existing experimental measurements. For lower dynamic pressures, the geometric nonlinearity provided the proper mechanism for the development of the LCO, and the numerical results correlated with the experimental values. For higher dynamic pressures, the material nonlinearity led to a rapid rise in the LCO amplitude, and the simulated varying trend was consistent with the experimental observation. This study demonstrated that the LCO of the cropped delta wing was not only closely related to geometric nonlinearity, but was also remarkably affected by material nonlinearity.     

Crack-tip field on mode Ⅱ interface crack of double dissimilar orthotropic composite materials

Two systems of non-homogeneous linear equations with 8 unknowns are obtained.This is done by introducing two stress functions containing 16 undetermined coefficients and two real stress singularity exponents with the help of boundary conditions.By solving the above systems of non-homogeneous linear equations,the two real stress singularity exponents can be determined when the double material parameters meet certain conditions.The expression of the stress function and all coefficients are obtained based on the uniqueness theorem of limit.By substituting these parameters into the corresponding mechanics equations,theoretical solutions to the stress intensity factor,the stress field and the displacement field near the crack tip of each material can be obtained when both discriminants of the characteristic equations are less than zero.Stress and displacement near the crack tip show mixed crack characteristics without stress oscillation and crack surface overlapping.As an example,when the two orthotropic materials are the same,the stress singularity exponent,the stress intensity factor,and expressions for the stress and the displacement fields of the orthotropic single materials can be derived.     

敏感器正常和故障模式下微小卫星的姿态确定方法

围绕某日-地空间环境组网探测系统中微小卫星定姿系统的设计需求,基于MEMS陀螺、小型CMOS太阳敏感器、微磁强计,研究了该微小卫星各敏感器正常工作模式以及敏感器故障模式下的系统建模和姿态确定方法。各敏感器正常工作模式下,用陀螺、太阳敏感器和磁强计进行组合定姿;陀螺故障时,用太阳敏感器和磁强计进行组合定姿;太阳敏感器故障时,用陀螺和磁强计进行组合定姿;陀螺/太阳敏感器同时故障时,用磁强计进行定姿。仿真结果表明,本文定姿方法的姿态确定精度满足该系统中微小卫星在轨运行时的定姿精度要求,为该微小卫星的半物理仿真系统的研究及其在轨运行时的姿态确定提供了依据。     

GCr15钢-CVDCr_7C_3镀层摩擦副摩擦振动的研究

本文系统地研究了GCr15钢球-CVDCr_7C_3镀层钢盘摩擦副滑动干摩擦引起的摩擦力(切向力)振动特性及其对材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。试件系统在垂直和水平方向上均处于低刚度、小阻尼状态。试验信号由微机采集、处理并进行频谱分析。结果表明,摩擦力振动的类型与正压力有关,而与拖动速度无关;摩擦力呈周期性自持振动时具有与相对滑动速度典型的非线性关系,振动频率接近(略低)于系统在切向的固有频率,而与拖动速度无关;摩擦力呈非平稳随机振动时,振动频率与系统在法向的振动频率有关,而与系统在切向的固有频率及拖动速度都无关;摩擦偶件运动的平稳性与摩擦力振动的类型有关,而与平均摩擦系数无关;摩擦力所耗费的能量与正压力呈比例关系。