Thickening behavior and synergistic mechanism of mixed system of two hydrophobically associating polymers

The thickening behavior and synergistic mechanism of the mixed system of the hydrophobically associating polymer (HAP-S) (acrylamide/acrylate-EO_m-PO_n/sodium acrylate terpolymer) with small molecular weight and the acrylamide/N-isooctyl acrylamide/sodium acrylate terpolymer (HAP-L) with large molecular weight were investigated via the rheology, inclusion action of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), cohesive energy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The apparent viscosity of the mixed-system solution was higher than that of the HAP solution alone in a wide range of mass ratios and concentrations of the two polymers, ascribing to the enhancement of associated viscosity and strength of the network structure by forming mixed aggregates and bridging among them. Furthermore, the hydrodynamic radius of the mixed-system aggregates increased due to the improved network structure and the electrostatic repulsion effect among the different kinds of HAP molecules. Under the synthetical influence of the above-mentioned factors, the mixed system displayed better temperature resistance and salt tolerance as compared to the HAP solution alone.     

Adsorption of SDBS and Its Effect on Rheology of Preformed Particle Gels

The adsorption of anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) onto preformed particle gels (PPGs) and the effect of SDBS on the swelling ratio and rheology of PPGs were investigated. SDBS molecules can adsorb onto PPGs because of the hydrophobic association with the chain of PPGs at low concentration and the association of the SDBS micelles with the chains of PPGs at high concentration. PPGs contract and the shear stress of PPGs decreases after adsorption of SDBS. In addition, the storage modulus decreases first and then increases with increasing SDBS concentration.     

Plasma-Induced Decomposition of Dichlorophenols and Trichlorophenols in Water by Means of Anodic Contact Glow Discharge Electrolysis

Decomposition of aqueous dichlorophenols and trichlorophenols was investigated by means of contact glow discharge electrolysis. With the decay of chlorophenols (CPs), the amount of total organic carbon (TOC) in water also decreased smoothly, indicating that carbon atoms of benzene nucleus could be eventually converted to inorganic carbons. And, it was found that chlorine atoms in the CPs were released as chloride ions. As the by-products, oxalate and formate were formed. The chlorine derivatives of 1,4-hydroquinone and 1,4-benzoquinone were detected as the primary intermediates in the initial stage of decomposition of each of CPs. The decay of both CPs and TOC obeyed the first-order rate law, respectively. The apparent rate constants for the decay of CPs increased with the decrease in pKa values of CPs, while those for the decay of TOC were substantially unaffected.     

CdS thin films on LiNbO3 (1 0 4) and silicon (1 1 1) substrates prepared through an atom substitution method

CdS thin films on LiNbO₃ (1 0 4) and silicon (1 1 1) substrates were prepared through an atom substitution technique using cadmium nitrate as a reactant in an H₂S atmosphere at 230 °C. X−ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission microscopy results indicate that the CdS film grows on LiNbO₃ oriented along the [0 0 1] axis in form of crystallized nanoplates, while that deposited on silicon forms randomly oriented nanoparticles. Investigation of the precursor thin film suggests that CdS forms from the O in the CdO precursor thin film being substituted by S from H₂S in the surrounding environment, which is designated as an atom substitution process. This novel method involving an atom substitution reaction between the CdO precursor thin film and its environment can provide a new low cost approach to the preparation of chalcogenide or other compound thin films. A schematic illustration and corresponding mechanism describing the details of this method are proposed.     

A novel trilayer antireflection coating using dip-coating technique

We report a new structure for broadband antireflection coating by dip-coating technique, which has minimal cost and is compatible with large-scale manufacturing. The coatings are prepared by depositing SiO 2 sol-gel film on a glass substrate, subsequently depositing SiO 2 single-layer particle coating through electrostatic attraction, and depositing a final very thin SiO 2 sol-gel film to improve the mechanical strength of the whole coating structure. The refractive index of the structure changes gradually from the top to the substrate. The transmittance of a glass substrate has been experimentally found to be improved in the spectral range of 400 1 400 nm and in the incidence angle range from 0 to at least 45 . The mechanical strength is immensely improved because of the additional thin SiO 2 sol-gel layer. The surface texture can be applied to the substrates of different materials and shapes as an add-on coating.     

Propagation-mode near-field method for measuring optical waveguides of graded index profile: some considerations on TM-modes

A new set of formulae is developed for profiling refractive index of optical waveguides using the propagation-mode near-field method. Effects of graded-index profile on wave equations for TM-modes are taken into account. Anisotropic waveguides are also studied.     

Li3PO4‐Coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4: A Stable High‐Voltage Cathode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ is regarded as a promising cathode material to increase the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries due to the high discharge voltage (ca. 4.7 V). However, the interface between the LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ cathode and the electrolyte is a great concern because of the decomposition of the electrolyte on the cathode surface at high operational potentials. To build a stable and functional protecting layer of Li₃PO₄ on LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ to avoid direct contact between the active materials and the electrolyte is the emphasis of this study. Li₃PO₄‐coated LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ is prepared by a solid‐state reaction and noncoated LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ is prepared by the same method as a control. The materials are fully characterized by XRD, FT‐IR, and high‐resolution TEM. TEM shows that the Li₃PO₄ layer (<6 nm) is successfully coated on the LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ primary particles. XRD and FT‐IR reveal that the synthesized Li₃PO₄‐coated LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ has a cubic spinel structure with a space group of Fd$\bar 3$ m, whereas noncoated LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ shows a cubic spinel structure with a space group of P4₃32. The electrochemical performance of the prepared materials is characterized in half and full cells. Li₃PO₄‐coated LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ shows dramatically enhanced cycling performance compared with noncoated LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄.     

一种新的合成氯法拉滨的方法

氯法拉滨是临床上唯一可以特异性地治疗儿童白血病的药物,2004年被美国食品和药物管理局批准上市.由于现有合成方法存在路线长、收率低和α/β异构体难以分离等问题,限制了该药物的广泛使用和进一步研究.以廉价且商品化的2-氯腺苷为原料,通过乙酸酐保护糖环上的3个羟基,在水合肼和乙酸作用下,选择性地脱除2'位的乙酰基.然后,以商品化的氟代试剂二乙胺基三氟化硫(DAST)进行2'位羟基的氟代反应,再使用NH3/MeOH饱和溶液脱除乙酰基可得氯法拉宾.这4步反应的总收率为49%,且得到的产品全部为β构型.同时,还发现2位取代基的位阻越大,越有利于选择性脱除2'位的乙酰基.本方法可以在克级规模上进行生产,收率无下降,同时中间体及产物的纯化不需要通过柱层析分离,显示出良好的应用前景?.     

地方高校工程应用型光电信息科学与工程专业人才培养的探索与实践

针对天津光电产业对人才需求的现状,在充分调研的基础上,经过近10年的探索与实践,形成了有特色的、满足地方光电产业发展需求的人才培养方案.该方案包括课程体系与实践教学体系两个方面.特别值得一提的是,我们的人才培养方案是与时俱进的,即通过建立毕业生反馈跟踪机制,及时了解企业技术需求,适时调整人才培养方案.我们的人才培养的探索与实践取得了良好的效果,不仅毕业生就业质量稳步提高,该专业的辐射与社会影响力也逐步增强.本成果为地方院校如何发展光电信息科学与工程专业提供了经验和范例.     

Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Self-Reinforced Polyphenylene Sulfide Composites

25%, 50%, and 75% polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) long fiber reinforced PPS resin were prepared by a hot pressing method. Neat resin PPS and PPS fiber samples were also prepared to compare with the self-reinforced PPS composites. The reinforcing fibers were preheat treated at 240°C for 24 h. The tribological properties of the self-reinforced PPS composites against an AISI 1045 steel ring were determined by a block on ring type friction tester. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that a higher degree of crystallinity was retained in the self-reinforced PPS composites than in neat PPS resin after hot pressing. Therefore, the addition of PPS fiber improved both the mechanical and tribological properties of PPS resin significantly. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) demonstrated that the PPS fibers increased the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PPS resin. SEM images of the fracture surfaces indicated that the toughness of the samples increased with increasing PPS fiber content. Additionally, PPS fibers improved the tribological properties of PPS resin by significantly reducing the friction coefficient and wear rate.