Acid–Base Interaction Enhancing Oxygen Tolerance in Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction

Hybrid electrodes with improved O₂ tolerance and capability of CO₂ conversion into liquid products in the presence of O₂ are presented. Aniline molecules are introduced into the pore structure of a polymer of intrinsic microporosity to expand its gas separation functionality beyond pure physical sieving. The chemical interaction between the acidic CO₂ molecule and the basic amino group of aniline renders enhanced CO₂ separation from O₂. Loaded with a cobalt phthalocyanine‐based cathode catalyst, the hybrid electrode achieves a CO Faradaic efficiency of 71 % with 10 % O₂ in the CO₂ feed gas. The electrode can still produce CO at an O₂/CO₂ ratio as high as 9:1. Switching to a Sn‐based catalyst, for the first time O₂‐tolerant CO₂ electroreduction to liquid products is realized, generating formate with nearly 100 % selectivity and a current density of 56.7 mA cm^?2 in the presence of 5 % O₂.     

Critical thresholds in hyperbolic relaxation systems

Critical threshold phenomena in one-dimensional 2×2 quasi-linear hyperbolic relaxation systems are investigated. Assuming both the subcharacteristic condition and genuine nonlinearity of the flux, we prove global in time regularity and finite-time singularity formation of solutions simultaneously by showing the critical threshold phenomena associated with the underlying relaxation systems. Our results apply to the well-known isentropic Euler system with damping. Within the same framework it is also shown that the solution of the semi-linear relaxation system remains smooth for all time, provided the subcharacteristic condition is satisfied.     

COMPRESSIBLE NON-ISENTROPIC BIPOLAR NAVIER-STOKES-POISSON SYSTEM IN R~3

The compressible non-isentropic bipolar Navier-Stokes-Poisson (BNSP) system is investigated in R 3 in the present paper, and the optimal time decay rates of global strong solution are shown. For initial data being a perturbation of equilibrium state in H l (R 3 ) ∩ Bs 1,1 (R 3 ) for l ≥ 4 and s ∈ (0, 1], it is shown that the density and temperature for each charged particle (like electron or ion) decay at the same optimal rate (1 + t) 3 4 , but the momentum for each particle decays at the optimal rate (1 + t) 1 4 s 2 which is slower than the rate (1 + t) 3 4 s 2 for the compressible Navier-Stokes (NS) equations [19] for same initial data. However, the total momentum tends to the constant state at the rate (1+t) 3 4 as well, due to the interplay interaction of charge particles which counteracts the influence of electric field.     

利用F-P干涉仪测量固体材料线膨胀系数

利用固体线膨胀时的长度改变引起入射到法布里-波罗干涉仪的激光光束角度发生变化的特点,设计了一种测量固体线膨胀系数的装置,并使用CCD精确测量干涉光斑发生的位移,测量了固体棒的线膨胀系数.实验结果表明该方法具有较高的可靠性和精确性,同时介绍了一种可以用于精确测量两平行平面间距的方法.     

时空联合调制型空间外差干涉成像仪运动误差评估与校正

时空联合调制型空间外差干涉成像光谱仪(TS-SHIS)在对目标推扫成像过程中,指向镜推扫误差、指向镜定位误差或卫星运动平台振动等会引起目标对应像点(x′,y′)偏离理想位置(x,y),导致其与相邻的若干空间分辨单元之间存在光谱掺杂现象,进而影响干涉数据重构及复原光谱精度。基于TS-SHIS机理,针对运动误差引起的目标光谱线性混叠、不同程度的地表反射率差异对复原光谱精度的影响等问题进行了分析;建立了以相邻目标掺杂比、地表反射率差异为变量的混合目标干涉函数关系。依据MODIS卫星载荷观测数据,对中国地区不同空间分辨率地表反射率差异进行了分析;以相对光谱二次误差为评价函数,讨论了典型高轨平台姿态参数对不同空间分辨率目标复原光谱精度的影响,该研究为下一代高轨、高时空分辨温室气体探测技术提供技术基础。     

Exploration of H2S capture by alkanolamines

Structural Chemistry - H2S is a kind of impurity in the alternative energy resource of biogas and landfill gas. Among the removal methods, absorption by alkanolamines is the commonly accepted and...     

Synthesis,properties, and molecular simulations of high-barrier polyimide containing carbazole moiety and amide group in the main chain

An intrinsic high-barrier polyimide (2,7-CPAPPI) containing rigid planar carbazole moiety and amide group in main chain was prepared. The 2,7-CPAPPI shows very attractive barrier performances, possessing water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and oxygen transmission rate (OTR) low to 0.04 g m⁻² day⁻¹ and 0.11 cm³ m⁻² day⁻¹, respectively. Meanwhile, 2,7-CPAPPI also displays exceptional thermal stability with a glass transition temperature (T_g) of 552°C and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 15.48 ppm/K. The barrier performances of 2,7-CPAPPI are compared with those of a structural analog (2,7-CPPI, containing only carbazole moiety in the main chain) and a typical polyimide (Kapton). The structure–barrier performances relationship was investigated by molecular simulations, wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The results show that 2,7-CPAPPI has more number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds among the three PIs, which leads to close chain packing and thereby high crystallinity, low free volume, and poor chains mobility. That is, the high crystallinity and low free volume of 2,7-CPAPPI decrease the diffusion and solubility of gases. Meanwhile, the poor chains mobility further reduces the gases diffusion. The decreased diffusion and solubility of gases consequently promote the improvement of barrier properties for 2,7-CPAPPI.     

铝基材料水解制氢技术

氢能作为一种高焓值的绿色能源在解决未来能源危机和环境污染中备受关注,而铝水反应在众多制氢途径中被认为是最具优势的方法之一。本文着重论述了近几年铝基材料水解制氢技术的研究进展。铝水制氢是一种很有发展前景的储存和运输氢能的方式,但Al表面致密的氧化层阻碍了铝水反应的进行,使其难以在常温常压情况下产生氢气。为充分开发利用氢能源,可采用添加碱、氢化物、金属氧化物、无机盐等方式,或将金属单质与Al通过烧结、熔炼、球磨等先进的技术手段进行复合,能够有效地活化Al,从而实现低环境温度、短诱导时间、快产氢速率、高转化率的铝水反应,为燃料电池电动汽车现场供氢。     

高速杆式弹体侵彻下蓄液结构载荷特性的有限元分析

为探讨高速弹体侵彻下蓄液结构的防护方法,采用瞬态非线性有限元,研究了高速杆式弹体侵彻下蓄液结构承受的冲击载荷特性,分析了冲击载荷的作用过程、前后板承受的载荷强度及其弹体初速度和水域尺度的影响。结果表明:弹体在蓄液结构中的初始开坑作用,将形成入射冲击波,其压力峰值极高,但作用时间短,并将在液体内产生多次反射;弹体在液体中的侵彻,将产生空化,并形成峰值小、作用时间长的空化压力载荷;后板对液体流的阻碍作用将形成出口局部高压;入射冲击波和出口局部高压的强度随着弹体初速度的增加而增大,随着水域长度的增加而不断减小。根据所受冲击载荷特性的不同,将前、后板分别划分为3个不同的区域,并建立了每个分区的简化计算模型。