顶空–气相色谱/质谱法测定餐垫纸中16种挥发性有机物残留

采用顶空–气相色谱/质谱法同时测定餐垫纸中16种挥发性有机化合物(无水乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、丙酮、丁酮、己醛乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙二醇甲醚、乙酸正丙酯、苯、甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、邻二甲苯)的含量。采用恒流模式,流速设定为2.5 mL/min,程序升温,16种挥发性有机化合物可以很好地分离。各成分工作曲线的相关系数r2均大于0.999 5,加标回收率在86.6%~104.8%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差均不大于6.9%(n=6);各成分的检出限均低于0.01 mg/m2。该法具有进样简单,分离效果好,精密度高等特点,能够满足餐垫纸中挥发性有机物检测要求。     

Ag2S2O7/Ag2O纳米颗粒异质结构的制备及其太阳光全光谱光催化降解应用

Ag2O是优良的感光材料,很少作为光催化材料,而常被用作光催化材料的共催化剂.此外,由于Ag2O禁带宽度窄,且可有效吸收近红外光,因而不能用于全太阳光谱的光催化应用中.同时很少被用作NIR催化剂.本文中不仅研究了纳米Ag2O颗粒的UV-Vis光催化性能,而且还系统探究了其NIR光催化活性.由于在紫外线和可见光的照射下,Ag2O纳米颗粒易发生光还原失活,因而对Ag2O表面硫化处理,使其表面上生长Ag2S2O7层以形成Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结,探究了该异质结UV-Vis光催化活性及其光催化循环稳定性;同时,考察了其近红外光催化及其重复使用性能.利用沉淀法成功制备了Ag2O纳米颗粒,并通过在其表面部分硫化处理得到Ag2S2O7,成功构筑Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结构,并研究了该Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结构UV-Vis-NIR光催化降解有机污染物性能.研究表明,Ag2O纳米颗粒在光子能量较低的NIR照射条件下具有较强的光催化活性,但UV-Vis照射下,虽然Ag2O具有光催化活性,但易发生光还原生成单质银,降低其光催化稳定性;Ag2S2O7/Ag2O纳米异质结,虽然在UV-Vis-NIR范围内光催化活性略降于Ag2O,但稳定性显著提高,总体来看,Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结构在全光谱催化方面更具优势.这主要是由于Ag2O表面部分硫化得到的Ag2S2O7纳米颗粒,且二者之间能带匹配促进了光生载流子分离,同时Ag2O表面的Ag2S2O7颗粒直接吸收能量较高的UV-Vis,进而保护内部Ag2O,抑制了其自身还原,可显著提高Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结在UV-Vis-NIR催化活性及稳定性.实验结果分析表明,Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结纳米颗粒在UV-Vis-NIR条件下均具有稳定且高效的光催化活性,其主要原因为:(1)具有窄带隙的Ag2O可有效拓宽该异质结的光谱吸收;(2)Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结能带匹配可有效促使光生载流子分离;(3)Ag2O颗粒表面的Ag2S2O7纳米颗粒可有效提高Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结纳米颗粒的光化学稳定性,尤其是在UV-Vis条件下的化学稳定性.Ag2O纳米颗粒受到光照(UV-Vis-NIR)激发后产生电子-空穴对,由于Ag2S2O7与Ag2O能带位置的匹配,Ag2O导带的光生电子注入Ag2S2O7的导带;而Ag2S2O7价带的光生空穴注入Ag2O的价带.Ag2O表面的Ag2S2O7颗粒可有效捕捉电子,从而阻止Ag2O产生的电子-空穴对复合,进而提高光催化活性;同时当光子能量较高(UV以及部分短波长的Vis)时,Ag2O表面的Ag2S2O7颗粒直接吸收该部分光能,进而保护内部Ag2O发生自身还原,因此,Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结纳米颗粒在UV,Vis及NIR条件下均具有稳定且高效的光催化活性,在高效利用全光谱光催化降解有机污染物方面具有较大的潜力.     

R22、R134a在五级自动复叠制冷系统中的应用比较研究

对于多级自动复叠制冷系统,混合制冷剂的选取和组分配比具有很大的影响作用。分别采用R22/R23/R14/R740/R728和R134a/R23/R14/R740/R728两组混合制冷剂应用于五级自动复叠系统,对系统高温级制冷剂R22与R134a进行理论分析和对比实验研究,研究结果表明采用R134a更能有效控制系统排气温度,获取了更低的制冷温度。     

Influence of ShuJinHuoXue tablets on ischemia reperfusion injury of animals' skeletal muscle

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) can lead to serious tissue oxidative injury in animals. ShuJinHuoXue tablet (SJHXT) is a Chinese Traditional Medicine which can relax the muscles and stimulate the blood circulation and has been used as a clinical medicine. In the present study, we investigated the effects of SJHXT pretreatment on oxidative injury using an animal model of acute limb IR. Results showed that SJHXT pre-treatment (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg/day) markedly reduced serum endothelin-1 (ET-1), thromboxane B2 (TXB?) levels and thromboxane B2/6-keto- prostaglandin F1α (TXB?/6-Keto-PGF(1α)), wet weight/dried weight (W/D) ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, and increased serum nitric oxide (NO), 6-Keto-PGF(1α) levels and NO/ET-1 ratio in the IR+SJHXT groups. In addition, the SJHXT pre-treatment (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg/day) markedly reduced skeletal muscle Ca2?, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, increased Na?-K?-ATPase, Ca2?-Mg2?-ATPase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. Our results suggest that SJHXT pre-treatment may improve skeletal muscle blood vessel microcirculation, decrease skeletal muscle oxidative injury and enhance antioxidant enzymes activities in IR animals.     

基于长周期光纤光栅载边比连续可调的单边带调制光载无线通信系统

提出了一种基于长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)载边比(CSR)连续可调的单边带调制光载无线通信(RoF)系统。其核心单元是由偏振控制器(PC)、偏振分束器(PBS)、两个平行的长周期光纤光栅和偏振合束器(PBC)构成的载边比调节单元。通过调节偏振控制器输出的偏振角度,就可以实现载边比的连续可调。进一步分析了调制指数、长周期光纤光栅透射率峰值和马赫-曾德尔调制器消光比对载边比的影响。仿真结果与理论分析结果具有很好的一致性。经40km标准单模光纤(SMF)传输后的仿真实验表明,当载边比由13.22dB调节到5.4dB后,系统灵敏度提高了5.7dB。     

Single-sideband modulated radio-over-fiber system based on long period fiber grating

We present a prototype for optical single-sideband (SSB) modulated radio-over-fiber (RoF) system by employing a long period fiber grating (LPFG). A LPFG with 13.78 nm base width of transmission spectrum and 0?23.2 dB of transmission depth was designed by using commercial software. Then it is used in RoF SSB modulation scheme. In the scheme, a Mach?Zehnder modulator modulates the light wave with millimeter-wave driving signals to realize optical double-sideband (ODSB) modulation, the generated ODSB modulation signals pass through a LPFG. Due to the negative slope in transmission spectrum, the lower sideband experiences higher attenuation than the upper sideband. Thus the conversion from ODSB to optical single sideband with carrier (OSSB + C) can be easily achieved by using only one LPFG. Also, the carrier to sideband ratio (CSR) can be reduced by using a LPFG, results show the CSR can be decreased from 12.49 dB to 1.1 dB.     

A statistical method for characterizing the noise in nonlinearly reconstructed images from undersampled MR data: The POCS example

The projection-onto-convex-sets (POCS) algorithm is a powerful tool for reconstructing high-resolution images from undersampled k-space data. It is a nonlinear iterative method that attempts to estimate values for missing data. The convergence of the algorithm and its other deterministic properties are well established, but relatively little is known about how noise in the source data influences noise in the final reconstructed image. In this paper, we present an experimental treatment of the statistical properties in POCS and investigate 12 stochastic models for its noise distribution beside its nonlinear point spread functions. Statistical results show that as the ratio of the missing k-space data increases, the noise distribution in POCS images is no longer Rayleigh as with conventional linear Fourier reconstruction. Instead, the probability density function for the noise is well approximated by a lognormal distribution. For small missing data ratios, however, the noise remains Rayleigh distributed. Preliminary results show that in the presence of noise, POCS images are often dominated by POCS-enhanced noise rather than POCS-induced artifacts. Implicit in this work is the presentation of a general statistical method that can be used to assess the noise properties in other nonlinear reconstruction algorithms.     

渐变折射率波导表面折射率的确定

单调变化的渐变折射率波导的表面折射率大于波导基模的有效折射率,因而不能用传统的m-线方法测量。利用分析转移矩阵(ATM)方法研究了渐变折射率波导中的表面等离子波,提出了一种确定波导近表面折射率的实验技术,在波导折射率分布的拟合中,得到了比传统逆WKB方法更为合理的结果。