全文获取类型
收费全文 | 70019篇 |
免费 | 10192篇 |
国内免费 | 6654篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 46948篇 |
晶体学 | 659篇 |
力学 | 4662篇 |
综合类 | 516篇 |
数学 | 8449篇 |
物理学 | 25631篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 228篇 |
2023年 | 1399篇 |
2022年 | 2283篇 |
2021年 | 2392篇 |
2020年 | 2522篇 |
2019年 | 2423篇 |
2018年 | 2191篇 |
2017年 | 1941篇 |
2016年 | 2966篇 |
2015年 | 3078篇 |
2014年 | 3652篇 |
2013年 | 4847篇 |
2012年 | 5894篇 |
2011年 | 6015篇 |
2010年 | 4080篇 |
2009年 | 4020篇 |
2008年 | 4190篇 |
2007年 | 3793篇 |
2006年 | 3576篇 |
2005年 | 3099篇 |
2004年 | 2480篇 |
2003年 | 1898篇 |
2002年 | 1684篇 |
2001年 | 1521篇 |
2000年 | 1420篇 |
1999年 | 1564篇 |
1998年 | 1330篇 |
1997年 | 1169篇 |
1996年 | 1227篇 |
1995年 | 1072篇 |
1994年 | 1007篇 |
1993年 | 865篇 |
1992年 | 769篇 |
1991年 | 664篇 |
1990年 | 556篇 |
1989年 | 481篇 |
1988年 | 366篇 |
1987年 | 349篇 |
1986年 | 297篇 |
1985年 | 300篇 |
1984年 | 202篇 |
1983年 | 176篇 |
1982年 | 145篇 |
1981年 | 112篇 |
1980年 | 82篇 |
1978年 | 56篇 |
1977年 | 52篇 |
1976年 | 50篇 |
1975年 | 57篇 |
1973年 | 57篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
161.
We report X-ray absorption near edge structures (XANES) study of CeAl2 thin films of various thicknesses, 40-120 nm, at Al K- and Ce L3-edges. The threshold of the absorption features at the Al K-edge shifts to the higher photon energy side as film thickness decreases, implying a decreased in Al p-orbital charges. On the other hand, from Ce L3-edge spectra, we observed a decrease in the 5d4f occupancy as the surface-to-bulk ratio increases. The valence of Ce in these thin films, as revealed by the Ce L3-edge spectral results, is mainly trivalent. From a more detailed analysis we found a small amount of Ce4+ contribution, which increases with decreasing film thickness. Our results indicate that the surface-to-bulk ratio is the key factor which affects the electronic structure of CeAl2 thin films. The above observations also suggest that charge transfer from Al to Ce is associated with the decrease of the film thickness. 相似文献
162.
163.
164.
在应变速率为5.56×10-5s-1—5.56×10-3s-1的范围内,在不同温度下(从223K至773K),对3004铝合金进行系列拉伸试验,探索其锯齿屈服规律;通过激活能的计算、内耗研究、微观组织观察和能谱分析,探讨锯齿屈服的机理与物理本质.结果表明,3004铝合金在形变过程中会出现动态应变时效现象;发现了一种“反常”的锯齿屈服现象:在出现锯齿屈服的温区内,存在锯齿屈服临界应变量转变温度Tt,
关键词:
动态应变时效
锯齿屈服
铝合金
内耗 相似文献
165.
Hongyi Chen Chunguang Du Shiqun Li 《量子光学学报》2006,12(B08):77-78
Recently, research on left-handed materials (LHMs) has attracted considerable attentions. The LHMs are a kind of man-made metameterials which have negative permittivity and negative permeability. These metameterials have many novel properties such as inverse light pressure, and reverse Doppler effect, which lead to many potential applications of LHMs such as superlenses which, in principle, can achieve arbitrary subwavelength resolution. However, though the properties mentioned above are seen to be classical, the quantum phenomena in LHMs have also attracted attentions such as the modified spontaneous emission of atoms in LHME. 相似文献
166.
Ping-xing Chen Jian-ming Cai Zheng-wei Zhou Guang-can Guo 《量子光学学报》2006,12(B08):72-73
The second law of thermodynamics is one of the most fundamental and for-reaching laws of physics. It teaches us that when a closed system undergoes a thermodynamic process the entropy of the system never decreases; it increases, or at least remains constant. If the entropy increases the thermodynamic process is irreversible, otherwise it is reversible. Only ideal thermal process is reversible. In classical world a great number of facts have proved the second law is true. But in quantum world since the quantum coherence and correlations exist we are not sure the second law is still true, at least in principle. This is because that: 1. on the microscopic level the irreversibility is conflict with the reversibility of all fundamental physical laws ; 2. there are not enough evidences to show it is true in quantum world. 相似文献
167.
This paper studied the cost allocation for the unfunded liability in a defined benefit pension scheme incorporating the stochastic phenomenon of its returns. In the recent literature represented by Cairns and Parker [Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 21 (1997) 43], Haberman [Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 11 (1992) 179; Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 13 (1993) 45; Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 14 (1994) 219; Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 14 (1997) 127], Owadally and Haberman [North American Actuarial Journal 3 (1999) 105], the fund level is modeled based on the plan dynamics and the returns are generated through several stochastic processes to reflect the current realistic economic perspective to see how the contribution changed as the cost allocation period increased. In this study, we generalize the previous constant value assumption in cost amortization by modeling the returns and valuation rates simultaneously. Taylor series expansion is employed to approximate the unconditional and conditional moments of the plan contribution and fund level. Hence the stability of the plan contribution and the fund size under different allocation periods could be estimated, which provide valuable information adding to the previous works. 相似文献
168.
169.
Corrosion-related defects of pure iron were investigated by measuring Doppler broadening energy spectra (DBES) of positron annihilation and positron annihilation lifetime (PAL). Defect profiles of the S-parameter from DBES as a function of positron incident energy up to 30 keV (i.e. ∼1 μm depth) were analyzed. The DBES data show that S-parameter increases as a function of positron incident energy (mean depth) after corrosion, and the increase in the S-parameter is larger near the surface than in the bulk due to corrosion. Furthermore, information on defect size from PAL data as a function of positron incident energy up to 10 keV (i.e. ∼0.2 μm depth) was analyzed. In the two-state trapping model, the lifetime τ2 = 500 ps is ascribed to annihilation of positrons in voids with a size of the order of nanometer. τ1, which decreases with depth from the surface to the bulk, is ascribed to the annihilation of positrons in dislocations and three-dimensional vacancy clusters. The corroded samples show a significant increase in τ1 and the intensity I2, and near the surface the corroded iron introduces both voids and large-size three-dimensional vacancy clusters. The size of vacancy clusters decreases with depth. 相似文献
170.
You-Sheng Chen 《Tetrahedron》2006,62(40):9410-9416
The major tautomer of several triketone derivatives in organic and aqueous solutions has been determined. Their solvent- and base-sensitive properties have been applied in the design of a polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe and an acidichromic colorant, respectively. The regioselective acetylation and methylation of 2-acyldimedone, 3-acyl-4-hydroxycoumarin, and 2-acyl-1,3-indandione have also been investigated. The results indicated that acetylation and methylation of the first two occurred specifically at endocyclic enolic oxygens, whereas for the latter they occurred at exocyclic enolic oxygen. 相似文献