Nonlinear low-velocity impact on damped and matrix-cracked hybrid laminated beams containing carbon nanotube reinforced composite layers

This paper investigates the low-velocity impact response of a shear deformable laminated beam which contains both carbon nanotube reinforced composite (CNTRC) layers and carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRC) layers. The effect of matrix cracks is considered, and a refined self-consistent model is selected to describe the degraded stiffness caused by the damage. The beam including damping effects rests on a two-parameter elastic foundation in thermal environments. Based on a higher-order shear deformation theory and von Kármán nonlinear strain–displacement relationships, the motion equations of the beam and impactor are established and solved by means of a two-step perturbation approach. The material properties of both CFRC layers and CNTRC layers are assumed to be temperature-dependent. To assess engineering application of this hybrid structure, two conditions for outer CNTRC layers and outer CFRC layers are compared. Besides, the effects of the crack density, volume fraction of carbon nanotube, temperature variation, the foundation stiffness and damping on the nonlinear low-velocity impact behavior of hybrid laminated beams are also discussed in detail.

     

邻三甲氧基苯类化合物的选择性去甲基化反应研究

以溴化氢为催化剂,冰醋酸为溶剂,邻三甲氧基苯类化合物（1a~1f）为原料,于室温经选择性去甲基化反应合成了一系列丁香酸衍生物,其结构经¹H NMR和MS(ESI)确证。以丁香酸（2a）的合成为例,优化了合成条件。结果表明：在最佳反应条件(1 1 mmol, 33%HBr 0.35 mL,冰醋酸0.5 mL,于室温反应24 h)下,2收率58%~85%。2a的放大合成收率为75%。     

烷基链长及肽链电荷分布对脂肽双亲分子自组装及水凝胶化的影响

为阐明脂肽分子烷基链长及肽链电荷分布对其自组装及水凝胶化的影响, 设计合成了C_nV₃K₂ (n=12, 14, 16) 和C_mKV₃K (m=14, 16)两个系列的脂肽分子. 原子力显微镜(AFM)和透射电镜(TEM)结果表明, 两个系列的脂肽分子都可以自组装成一维纳米带结构. 圆二色(CD)光谱结果表明, C_nV₃K₂系列自组装体的二级结构为β折叠; C_mKV₃K系列自组装体中包括α螺旋和β折叠两种二级结构, 其中C14KV3K的α螺旋结构较多, C16KV3K的β折叠结构占优. 烷基链疏水作用的增强会抑制β折叠结构侧向堆积, 使纳米带随烷基链的变长而变窄; 电荷分布于肽链部分的两端有利于纳米带结构的侧向生长. 流变性测试结果表明, 在浓度10 mmol·L^-1、pH 8.4下, 脂肽分子可以形成自支撑水凝胶, 相比烷基链长度, 肽链部分的电荷分布对水凝胶性能影响更大.     

“化学与人类”课程教学实践

介绍了“化学与人类”课程的基本情况,提出了以教学、参与、创新、实践为特色的化学人文素质教育新模式,该模式在教学实践中取得了一些初步成果。     

Supramolecular Network Based on the Self‐Assembly of γ‐Cyclodextrin with Poly(ethylene glycol) and its Shape Memory Effect

A novel supramolecular network has been prepared based on the formation of inclusion complexes between γ‐cyclodextrin and poly(ethylene glycol), in which the PEG chains are interlocked by γ‐CD rings. This PEG/γ‐CD network exhibits good shape memory behavior because of the crosslinked structure. The crosslinked PEG/γ‐CD inclusion complexes and PEG crystallites account for the fixing phase and reversible phase, respectively. The characteristics of the materials have been investigated by ¹H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, DSC, DMA, viscosity tests, and swelling measurements.

     

Low resistance dye-sensitized solar cells based on all-titanium substrates using wires and sheets

Low resistance dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on all-titanium substrates were proposed in this paper. To minimize the internal resistance of DSSCs, the titanium wires and titanium sheets were used as the substrates of the photoanode and the counter electrode, respectively. Compared with the FTO substrate, titanium wires could absorb much diffused light by back reflection since the reflectivity in the titanium sheet was highly increased up to 53.12%. Furthermore, the transmittance of the front cover was increased by 13.2% using the super white glass instead of FTO substrate. The thickness of TiO₂ thin film coated on titanium wire was optimized to achieve a high cell performance. The efficiency of 5.6% for the cell was obtained with a J_sc of 15.41 mA cm⁻², V_oc of 0.59 V, and FF of 0.62. The results showed that the titanium-based DSSCs had superiority for producing the large-scale DSSCs without metal grid line.     

Growth of carbon nanotubes on stainless steel substrates by DC-PECVD

We report on the fabrication of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on Ni-coated stainless steel (SUS) substrates by using dc plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The synthesized CNTs have the diameter of about 30 nm and the length of about 1.2 μm. To verify the effects of SUS substrates on the growth of CNTs, CNTs had also been grown on Ni-coated Si substrates. CNTs grown on the SUS substrates were more uniform compared with those grown on the Si substrates. Field emission properties of the CNT films were measured in the diode configuration, and the turn-on electric field of 3.87 V/μm and field enhancement factor β of about 1737 were obtained from the synthesized CNTs at the gap of 500 μm between the SUS substrate and the anode. These results have not only clarified the effects of the substrate on the growth of CNTs, but also shown the potential of CNTs in field emission applications, especially CNT-based cold-cathode X-ray tubes.     

大面积α-Fe2O3纳米线及纳米带阵列的制备研究

以铁箔为原材料和基片,通过控制热氧化过程中的宏观实验条件(载气流量及其组分、压强、温度分布和反应时间等),实现了α-Fe₂O₃一维纳米结构的可控生长,获得了大面积(10mm×10mm)、单分散性好、沿［110］方向生长的α-Fe₂O₃纳米带或纳米线阵列. 对不同宏观实验条件下所制备的样品进行形貌和晶格结构表征和分析,认为热氧化过程中α-Fe₂O₃一维纳米结构的生长遵循类似气- 关键词： 2O₃')" href="#">α-Fe₂O₃ 一维纳米结构 热氧化法     

Simple dose rate measurements for a very high synchrotron X‐ray flux

Dose measurements based on methylene blue (MB) bleaching, widely used for ultraviolet light, can also be applied to X‐rays including very high flux levels. This method has been tested by using both MB bleaching and Fricke dosimetry for a conventional monochromatic X‐ray source and then for `white‐beam' synchrotron radiation. The results show that MB bleaching dosimetry can easily measure X‐ray doses up to at least 10⁵ Gy s^?1, as long as the MB concentration is sufficiently high. This condition can be verified from the deviations from linearity of the bleaching versus exposure time.     

Hydrothermal preparation and photoluminescence of bundle-like structure of ZnWO4 nanorods

ZnWO₄ nanorods with a bundle-like structure were synthesized at 180°C for 12 h by a hydrothermal technology from Na₂WO₄⋅2H₂O and ZnSO₄⋅7H₂O in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The as-synthesized bundle-like structure of ZnWO₄ nanorods was characterized by various techniques: TEM, XRD and EDS. The luminescence properties of the bundle-like structure of the ZnWO₄ nanorods were investigated by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy.