pH对毛细管电泳分离多肽的影响

设计了一个针对高年级本科生的毛细管电泳分离实验，用以研究pH对生物小分子多肽分离的影响。5种多肽包括Bradykinin、[Hyp3]-bradykinin、Angiotensin I、Leucine Enkephalin和[Met5]-Enkaphalin，被用于毛细管电泳的分离实验。研究了毛细管电泳生物分析实验中最重要的2个因素即电渗流和样品吸附随pH的变化以及对于分离的影响。在pH=10的条件下，酸性多肽几乎没有吸附，少量的碱性多肽有吸附。在pH=6的条件下，碱性多肽具有非常强的吸附从而导致非常差的分离效果，在pH=2.3的条件下，5种多肽都能被很好地分离，由于多肽此时都带有正电荷因此几乎没有吸附。而在此pH，电渗流消失。对具有一定分析化学基础理论知识的学生而言，这是一个非常好的生物分析实验，有助于学生充分理解相关环境因素对仪器分析的重要影响。     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of (Z)-N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-7-(5-fluoro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-2-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-3-carboxamide Methanol Solvate

The crystal structure of a new compound (Z)-N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-7-(5- fluoro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-2-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-3-carboxamidemethanol solvate (C24H29FN4O2CH4O, Mr = 456.55) has been prepared and determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal is of monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 14.560(3), b = 7.3200(2), c = 22.233(4) , β = 101.78(3)°, V = 2319.7(8) 3 , Z = 4, Dc = 1.307 g/cm 3 , F(000) = 976, μ = 0.092 mm -1 , MoKa radiation (λ = 0.71073), R = 0.0604 and wR = 0.1644 for 4262 observed reflections with I > 2 (I). X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the indole and pyrrole are almost coplanar. Intramolecular C-H···O and N-H···O hydrogen bonds together with π-π interactions are found in the structure.     

Thermal degradation kinetics and heat properties of cellulosic cigarette paper: influence of potassium carboxylate as combustion improver

Accurate determination of the thermal properties of cellulose is of particular significance in studying the mechanism of cellulosic cigarette paper combustion. This paper probes into the influence of four kinds of potassium carboxylates on the thermal degradation kinetics and the heat properties of cigarette paper through simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement under air atmosphere. Reduced mass loss and mass loss rate, and increased solid residue for samples containing four potassium salts implied that potassium carboxylates may retard the formation of levoglucosan and volatiles by inhibiting the depolymerization reaction and simultaneously accelerate char formation by catalyzing the dehydration reaction. Kinetic parameters were analyzed based on three non-isothermal models available in literature. The results indicated that three modeling methods exhibit good consistency. A global activation energy range of 106–155 kJ mol^?1 was proposed for cigarette paper with potassium carboxylates. The four potassium salts studied considerably reduced the activation energy in the following descending order: potassium 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylate (PBTCA) > citrate > gluconate > ascorbate. The heat properties of cigarette paper were also determined by integrating the DSC curves. The results demonstrated that both cellulose degradation and char oxidation have strong exothermic peaks. Cigarette paper samples with potassium salts have lower exothermic cellulose degradation process and higher exothermic char oxidation process, which were further confirmed by greater differences as the amounts of salt citrate or PBTCA increased.     

Ultrafast Delamination of Graphite into High-Quality Graphene Using Alternating Currents

To bridge the gap between laboratory-scale studies and commercial applications, mass production of high quality graphene is essential. A scalable exfoliation strategy towards the production of graphene sheets is presented that has excellent yield (ca. 75 %, 1–3 layers), low defect density (a C/O ratio of 21.2), great solution-processability, and outstanding electronic properties (a hole mobility of 430 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹). By applying alternating currents, dual exfoliation at both graphite electrodes enables a high production rate exceeding 20 g h⁻¹ in laboratory tests. As a cathode material for lithium storage, graphene-wrapped LiFePO₄ particles deliver a high capacity of 167 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 C rate after 500 cycles.     

Tackling indeterminacy in overlapping generations models

Overlapping generations models may have a continuum of equilibria. Previous studies have been largely confined to the local analysis that linearizes the model around the steady state. However, what is true of the linearized system only applies for an unknown-sized open neighborhood of the steady state. In this paper I develop a method to diagnose the indeterminacy in overlapping generations models by computing the set of all equilibria. I also provide a procedure to simulate the economy with indeterminate equilibrium.     

Investigation of locally resonant absorption and factors affecting the absorption band of a phononic glass

We experimentally and theoretically investigated the mechanisms of acoustic absorption in phononic glass to optimize its properties. First, we experimentally studied its locally resonant absorption mechanism. From these results, we attributed its strong sound attenuation to its locally resonant units and its broadband absorption to its networked structure. These experiments also indicated that the porosity and thickness of the phononic glass must be tuned to achieve the best sound absorption at given frequencies. Then, using lumped-mass methods, we studied how the absorption bandgaps of the phononic glass were affected by various factors, including the porosity and the properties of the coating materials. These calculations gave optimal ranges for selecting the porosity, modulus of the coating material, and ratio of the compliant coating to the stiff matrix to achieve absorption bandgaps in the range of 6–30 kHz. This paper provides guidelines for designing phononic glasses with proper structures and component materials to work in specific frequency ranges.     

Preparation and characterization of vanadium(IV) oxide supported on SBA-15 and its catalytic performance in benzene hydroxylation to phenol using molecular oxygen

Preparation of dispersed transition metal oxides catalyst with low oxidation state still remains a challenging task in heterogeneous catalysis.In this study,vanadium oxides supported on zeolite SBA-15 have been prepared under hydrothermal condition using V 2 O 5 and oxalic acid as sources of vanadium and reductant,respectively.The structures of samples,especially the oxidation state of vanadium,and the surface distribution of vanadium oxide species,have been thoroughly characterized using various techniques,including N 2-physisorption,X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),UV-visible spectra(UV-Vis) and UV-visible-near infrared spectra(UV-Vis-NIR).It is found that the majority of supported vanadium was in the form of vanadium(IV) oxide species with the low valence of vanadium.By adjusting hydrothermal treatment time,the surface distribution of vanadium(IV) oxide species can be tuned from vanadium(IV) oxide cluster to crystallites.These materials have been tested in the hydroxylation of benzene to phenol in liquid-phase with molecular oxygen in the absence of reductant.The catalyst exhibits high selectivity for phenol(61%) at benzene conversion of 4.6%,which is a relatively good result in comparison with other studies employing molecular oxygen as the oxidant.