国家治理的家户逻辑：基于田野政治学的分析进路

家户是中国社会的细胞,也是国家治理的基本单元。从历史上看,家户单元以独立的个体家庭的产生为基础,并经由“编户齐民”制度而成熟定型。与其他治理单元不同,家户具有极强的自主性,并从中汲取动能与活力。家户自主性是基于家户自身生存和发展需要而产生的内在能动性,包括意识自主性、目标自主性和行动自主性。中国国家治理的重要特征,不是对家户单元的控制与形塑,而是对家户自主性的认同与调适。家户自主性的产生,主要源于家户单元的自组织特性,包括联结方式的血缘性、个体需求的内生性、组织形态的灵活性以及国家权力的外在性。从历史上看,正是家户单元的自主性治理,为“集家为国”的中国国家治理提供了动力,其不仅创造了灿烂的农业文明,也实现了国家的长治久安。进入近代以后,家户作为国家治理单元的功能不断弱化甚至一度被取代,但其内在价值并未因此消解,反而在改革实践中展现独特魅力与光芒。在推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的进程中,应当高度重视家户单元及其蕴含的自主性价值,并赋予其新的时代意义。     

伽达默尔解释学视域中的黑格尔遗产

西方现代哲学的整个发展历程表明,重要的议题不是不要黑格尔,而恰恰是如何与黑格尔展开有意义的对话。伽达默尔公开表示要继承黑格尔的遗产,他的哲学解释学本质上是一种“新黑格尔主义”。在伽达默尔眼中,形而上学是黑格尔的重要思想遗产,是一个民族文化庙宇中的至圣神。致力于恢复辩证法的名誉,这是伽达默尔解释学的郑重承诺,他赞美黑格尔的辩证法永远是一个令人兴奋的源泉。黑格尔给伽达默尔在科学时代反思科学的界限留下了丰富的思想资源。把黑格尔思想视为一种敌视自由和进步的理论,这是对黑格尔的误解。伽达默尔特别以黑格尔对法国大革命自由思想的继承来作辩护。     

Optical bistability based on surface plasmon coupled between two noble metal films involving Kerr materials

We successfully investigate an optical bistability phenomenon in a layered structure consisting of Kretschmann configuration involving the Kerr-type nonlinear and the silver film. Pure theoretical approaches are employed to investigate that the surface plasmon could easily be coupled and both the reflection and transmission curves versus the incident intensity forms optical bistability. The transmission curves are greatly influenced by the thickness of the second silver film. These results may be useful for designing novel surface plasmon-based optical devices and will be essential for future classical and quantum information processes.     

A new electronically deficient atropisomeric diphosphine ligand (S)-CF3O-BiPhep and its application in asymmetric hydrogenation

A new electronically deficient atropisomeric diphosphine ligand (S)-CF₃O-BiPhep was synthesized from 1-bromo-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzene in high yield. The key steps included oxidative coupling with anhydrous ferric chloride and optical resolution by (+)-DMTA. The ligand afforded high performance for Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of quinolines with ee up to 92% and TON up to 25,000. It was also successfully applied to the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of simple indoles with ee up to 87% and Rh-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-addition of phenylboronic acid to 2-cyclohexenone with 97% ee.     

Why calcium inhibits magnesium-dependent enzyme phosphoserine phosphatase? A theoretical study

Mechanisms for the formation of the Schiff base from acetaldehyde and butylamine, glycine and phosphatidylethanolamine based on Dmol3/DFT calculations were realized. For the case of phosphatidylethanolamine, calculations were done under periodic boundary conditions, in an amine-phospholipid monolayer model with two molecules of phosphatidylethanolamine by cell. All models contained explicit aqueous solvent. In the three cases, a neutral amino group is used to model the nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl group of acetaldehyde, and water molecules form hydrogen bond networks. These networks were involved in the reactions by performing as proton-transfer carriers, important in some steps of reactions, and stabilizing reaction intermediates. In all the studied reactions, they take place in two steps, namely: (1) formation of a carbinolamine and (2) its dehydration to the Schiff base, being the dehydration the rate-determining step of the process, consistent with available experimental evidence for similar reactions. The main difference between the studied reactions is found in the value for relative free energy for the intermediates and transition states in the second step; these values are lower in the cases of glycine and phosphatidylethanolamine in comparison with butylamine, due the influence of their molecular environments. Based on the results, the aminophospholipid surface environment and carboxylic group of glycine may boost Schiff base formation via a neighboring catalyst effect.     

3-methyl-4-metroxy-4'-nitrostilbene (MMONS) Crystal Growth and Studies of It

３－ｍｅｔｈｙｌ－４－ｍｅｔｒｏｘｙ－４＇－ｎｉｔｒｏｓｔｉｌｂｅｎｅ（ＭＭＯＮＳ）ＣｒｙｓｔａｌＧｒｏｗｔｈａｎｄＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆＩｔｓＳｅｃｏｎｄＮｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒＯｐｔｉｃａｌＰｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ￥ＣＡＯＹａｎｇ；ＺＨＵＺｈｉｄｏｎｇ；ＨＵＡ...     

Study of Intramolecular Cyclization of N-styryl-oxo-cinnamides (Ⅱ)

lnthepreviouspaper',wereportedtheintramolecularcyclizationsofamide4anditscis-eneisomerinanattempttosynthesizehomoclausenamideandzetaclausenamide2.Inordertostudytherelationshipbetweenthestereochemistryandtheilltramolecularcyclizationofthisseriesofcompounds,theamides5(cis-oxirane,trans-ene)and8(cis-oxirane,cis-ene)wereprepared,andtheirintramolecularcyclizationswerereportedinthispaper.Theamide5withm.p.152.O-l54.O"CwasobtainedfromDarzen'scondensationofcompound3withPhCHOinMeOHatl5-2OoCwithMeO…     

Mappings of finite distortion: Removable singularities

We derive sufficiently sharp local dimension-free estimates for volumes of sublevel sets of analytic functions in the unit ball of ℂ ⁿ The research was partially supported by the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation.