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21.
介绍了利用价格便宜的普通视频CCD来获取紫外激光和软X射线图像的方法和应用结果,以代替价格昂贵的紫外CCD、使用不方便的X光胶片或者昂贵的X光CCD,其关键点是:(1)去除CCD相机的自动增益校正;(2)将相机的校正系数γ值设置为1;(3)去除CCD相机前面的保护窗。作为一种简易的装置,可以用于紫外激光测量及激光与等离子体相互作用研究。结果表明,采用改造后的普通视频CCD测量紫外激光光斑,准确可靠,其灵敏度比科学级紫外CCD的低一个量级,它还可以测量软X射线的二维分布,作为X光针孔相机使用非常方便。 相似文献
22.
从激光推进的要求出发,阐述了用于激光推进的高功率激光器的选择原则,即激光器必须满足:(1)高的平均功率和峰值功率;(2)高的单脉冲能量;(3)高的重复频率;(4)优良的大气传输特性。主要分析了目前YAG固体激光器、自由电子激光器和TEA脉冲CO2激光器的特点,通过上述4个方面性能的比较,认为在目前水平下,TEA脉冲CO2激光器是进行激光推进的首选强激光源,其优点表现在:功率可达10kW量级,单脉冲能量可达0.5~1kJ,重复频率为20~40Hz;激光波长处于大气传输窗口,对大气变化不敏感;工作物质快速流动,不存在热透镜效应和破坏阈值;相关光学元件易于制造;光束质量较好;运行成本低。 相似文献
23.
The immobilization of proteins, especially receptor proteins commonly used in high through-put screening of drugs (HTS), have received great attention in recent years. There are many successful isothermal models for describing the adsorption of protein onto solid surface, such as Langmuir model, Bi-Langmuir model, Fowler model, Freundlich model, Freundlich-Langmuir model and Tekmin model etc. In all these models, Langmuir model was the most favorable one model accepted by many researchers, but the experimental results showed that it was not entirely fit to all adsorption behaviors. So new models were required for describing protein adsorption onto microspheres in different conditions.In our research, a novel isothermal model, including Langmuir and other adsorbing behaviors was presented basing on the holding degree of surface active sites and the interaction styles of protein immobilization. In Langmuir model, the adsorbing amount of protein was described as [PS] =Km[P]/1 + K[P], where [PS] was the concentration of adsorbed protein, [P] was the concentration of freeprotein at equilibrium state, and Km and K was constant. According to the interactions of protein and ligands, there were three patterns in the interactions of protein and ligands. On the similar assumption that the interaction of protein and microspheres were three styles, and based on the definition of the holding degree of surface active sites (Y), three adsorption behaviors could be described as Y K[ P ]φ/ K[P]φ+1 or ln K + φ ln[P] =ln(Y/1-Y) in which [P] was the concentration of free protein at equilibrium state, and φ and K was constant. Different scale of φ presented different adsorption behaviors, especially when φ was 1, the adsorption behavior was Langmuir adsorbing model. Figure I indicated the different adsorbing results in different adsorption behaviors (φ>1, φ<1,and φ=1). 相似文献
24.
Xanthenediones derivatives have attracted considerable interests in recent times because they constitute a structural unit in a number of natural products1 and have been used as versatile synthons due to the inherent reactivity of the inbuilt pyran ring2. The conventional syntheses of xanthenediones were acid or base catalyzed condensation of appropriate active methylene carbonyl compounds with aldehydes3. However, many of these procedures involved longer reaction times,low yields and side reactions of aldehydes. In recent years, room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been used as novel green reaction media4. Considering that InCl3 is an efficient Lewis acid catalyst used in promoting many organic reactions, especially in several condensation processes, we herein wish to report a very simple and green method for the preparation of poly-hydrogenated xanthenediones through InCl3·4H2O promoted cascade reaction of aldehydes and 5,5-dimethyl-l,3-cyclohexanedione in ionic liquid,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]). The preparative process presented here is operationally simple, environmentally benign and has the advantage of enhanced atom utilization. Furthermore, the solvent and the catalyst used can be recovered easily and reused efficiently. 相似文献
25.
Ri Cheng XUAN* Wei Xiao HU Zhong Yu YANG Ya Ping LU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 《中国化学快报》2004,(2)
2-Chloro-5-methylpyridine is an important intermediate for the preparation of biological active compounds, especially insecticides1, e.g. imidacloprid2, and is usually manufac- tured from 3-methylpyridine N-oxide. However, the manufacturing process also forms the by-products: 3-methylpyridine and its isomer 2-chloro-3-methylpyridine3. The pro- perties of the isomers are similar, it is difficult to separate by ordinary methods, such as distillation. Scheme 1 79.4%13.6%5.2%NClCH3NCH3ClNC… 相似文献
26.
The adsorption of asymmetrical triblock copolymers from a non-selective solvent on solid surface has been studied by using Scheutjens-Fleer mean-field theory and Monte Carlo simulation method on lattice model. The main aim of this paper is to provide detailed computer simulation data, taking A8-kB20Ak as a key example, to study the influence of the structure of copolymer on adsorption behavior and make a comparison between MC and SF results. The simulated results show that the size distribution of various configurations and density-profile are dependent on molecular structure and adsorption energy. The molecular structure will lead to diversity of adsorption behavior. This discrepancy between different structures would be enlarged for the surface coverage and adsorption amount with increasing of the adsorption energy. The surface coverage and the adsorption amount as well as the bound fraction will become larger as symmetry of the molecular structure becomes gradually worse. The adsorption layer becomes thicker with increasing of symmetry of the molecule when adsorption energy is smaller but it becomes thinner when adsorption energy is higher. It is shown that SF theory can reproduce the adsorption behavior of asymmetrical triblock copolymers. However, systematic discrepancy between the theory and simulation still exists.The approximations inherited in the mean-filed theory such as random mixing and the allowance of direct back folding may be responsible for those deviations. 相似文献
27.
反对称正交对称矩阵反问题 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文讨论一类反对称正交对称矩阵反问题及其最佳逼近.研究了这类矩阵的一些性质,利用这些性质给出了反问题解存在的一些条件和解的一般表达式,不仅证明了最佳逼近解的存在唯一性,而且给出了此解的具体表达式. 相似文献
28.
胡迪鹤 《数学物理学报(B辑英文版)》2005,25(1):23-29
This paper is a continuation of [8]. In Section 1, three kinds of communication are introdnced for two states and the relations among them are investigated. In Section 2, two kinds of period of a state are introdnced and it is obtained that the period is a “class property” ,i.e. two states x and y belong to same class implies the period of x is equal to the period of y. 相似文献
29.
1.IntroductionTheoptimalityconditionsofmathematicalprogrammingisaveryimportantsubjectbecausetLeyprovideausefulanalyticaltoolforstudingthedualitytheoryandnonlinearprogrammingalgoirthms.Inrecelltyears,someauthorshavebeguntostudytheoptimalityconditionsforvectoroptimizationproblemofset-valuedmapping,suchas[4][51.Inthispaperlwedefinetheconceptofcone--weaklyefficientsubdifferentialofset-valuedmappinginthecaseofgeneralpartiallyorderedlocallyconvextopologicalvectorspaces.Thecone-weaklysubdifferential… 相似文献
30.