三氯化铕四吡啶的晶体结构

稀土有机化合物的研究是当前十分活跃的一个领域。我们首先用X射线单晶衍射的方法,测定了EuCl~3.4Py的晶体结构,揭示了这类配合物的结构特征。     

多氟烷基芳基醚的合成

位置异构的甲氧基苯酚和苯二酚与六氟丙烯在微量碱催化下反应,得到亲核加成产物。从邻苯二酚和六氟丙烯反应产物中,分离得化合物2～9.这些产物是由碳阴离子13与六氟丙烯加成、消除等反应生成。间苯二酚和对苯二酚仅产生简单的加成产物10及少量加成消除产物Z, E11, 12.各新化合物由^1H NMR, 19F NMR, MS, IR和元素分析加以鉴定,并对化合物4、5的19F NMR进行了讨论。     

双冠醚的快原子轰击质谱

近年来不断有合成新冠醚和冠醚衍生物的报道,关于冠醚质谱特征的研究也开始见诸文献,但这类文献的报道还不多.这可能是因为冠醚,尤其是复杂冠醚衍生物的熔点较高,在电子轰击(EI)或化学电离(CI)条件下测定存在一定困难的缘故.例如,本文讨论的双冠醚1～4都曾用EI法进行质谱测定.测定时,样品需加热到350℃,甚至400℃以上,才能得到质谱信号,而所得信号仍然相当弱.这不仅是测定本身的困难,而且可能引起离子源污染等问题.为此,我们采用快原子轰击(FAB)法测定双冠醚1～6的质谱,并对其裂解规律进行了初步的探讨.     

若干全氟环烃及其衍生物的拉曼光谱

由于C—F键的强极性,其振动模式在红外光谱中表现为强吸收谱带,而在拉曼光谱中则较弱,因此早期关于有机氟化合物振动光谱的研究以红外光谱为多,这方面Brown和Morgan已有详细总结.但有机氟化物的某些骨架振动往往呈现强的拉曼谱带.近年来对环状有机物的拉曼光谱研究已有较全面的总结,但对全氟环烷类及其衍生物尚无较系统的研究.本文报道若干全氟环烃及其衍生物的拉曼光谱数据,讨论了环呼吸振动频率与环大小及取代基的关系,环内双键振动频率的特性.实验证明全氟环烃的某些光谱特征与碳氢的环烃有较大的差异.     

柠檬酸配合法制备CuMnCeOx催化剂及常温催化氧化性能研究

摘要：常温催化氧化是消除室内HCHO污染最可行的方法之一,其中以过渡金属氧化物为代表的催化剂因性能优异、成本低廉而备受广泛关注。采用柠檬酸络合法和水热法制备了一系列CuMnCeOx催化剂,研究考察制备方法及载体对催化剂氧化性能的影响,并利用XRD、SEM、BET、H2-TPR、XPS和IR等对催化剂进行微观表征与分析。研究发现,制备方法及载体类型对催化剂的表面结构形貌、氧化性能产生显著影响,其中采用柠檬酸络合法所制的CuMnCeOx-C催化剂性能最佳,48h的HCHO去除率达98.6%,完全满足GB50325-2001标准要求,其介孔结构,晶体粒径及所形成的铈基铜锰固溶体均利于形成大量氧空位及催化氧化反应,且展示出良好的抗水蒸气和稳定性能,其在常温催化氧化VOCs方面具有重要应用前景。     

石墨烯的制备、功能化及在化学中的应用

石墨烯是最近发现的一种具有二维平面结构的碳纳米材料, 它的特殊单原子层结构使其具有许多独特的物理化学性质. 有关石墨烯的基础和应用研究已成为当前的前沿和热点课题之一. 本文仅就目前石墨烯的制备方法、功能化方法以及在化学领域中的应用作一综述, 重点阐述石墨烯应用于化学修饰电极、化学电源、催化剂和药物载体以及气体传感器等方面的研究进展, 并对石墨烯在相关领域的应用前景作了展望.     

气相色谱-负化学源质谱法测定船舶压载水中4种三卤甲烷北大核心CSCD

我国每年的船舶压载水排放量巨大,压载水中含有浮游生物、病原体及其幼虫或孢子等,若处理不当,会对排放水域的生态环境造成严重影响。排放压载水前常使用电解法对其进行处理,电解产生的次氯酸钠溶液,能有效杀灭残余的微生物。但电解后会产生副产物三卤甲烷(THMs),其对人体有一定的健康风险,建立船舶压载水中三卤甲烷的测定方法具有重要意义。该研究建立了采用气相色谱-负化学源质谱(GC-NCI-MS)测定船舶压载水中4种三卤甲烷(包括三氯甲烷、二氯一溴甲烷、一氯二溴甲烷、三溴甲烷)的分析方法。船舶压载水样品经过顶空进样技术处理后,通过DB-5MS UI毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×1.0μm)分离,气相色谱-负化学源质谱仪测定,在选择离子扫描(SIM)模式下分析,采用外标法进行定量。4种三卤甲烷在0.2~50μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)≥0.995,定量限(S/N=10)为0.1~0.2μg/L,在0.2、0.5、2.0μg/L 3个加标水平下,4种THMs的平均回收率为90.3%~106.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.4%~6.2%。该方法准确、稳定、可靠,可用于测定船舶压载水中4种THMs的含量。使用建立的测定方法对36个船舶压载水进行测定,三溴甲烷、二溴一氯甲烷、一溴二氯甲烷与三氯甲烷的检出率分别为83.3%、69.4%、22.2%和19.4%,检出值分别为34.25~221.5μg/L、3.52~41.87μg/L、1.52~8.56μg/L和0.02~5.46μg/L。     

Photo Switchable Two-step Photochromism in a Series of Ln-Phosphonate(Ln=Dy,Gd, Tb,Y) Dinuclear Complexes

Exploring the discrete complexes with multi-step coloration is still a challenge in the field of electron transfer photochromic materials. Herein, we synthesized a series of dinuclear Ln-diphosphonate compounds[Ln=Dy(1); Gd(2); Tb(3); Y(4)] with a remarkably and reversibly photoactive coloration phenomenon. These compounds showed two-step coloration behavior, which were the first discrete architectures in the reported electron transfer photochromic complexes. This two-step coloration phenomenon was originated from the large distortion of H₃-TPT acceptors, which in turn reduced the π-conjugation of electron acceptors and slowed the decay process of electron transfer. The photogenerated stable doublet radicals originated from electron transfer from diphosphonate donor to polypyridine acceptor in these complexes were detected by UV-Vis and electron spin resonance(ESR) spectra. Furthermore, the photogenerated radicals were estimated by direct current magnetic susceptibilities and variable temperature ESR spectra, suggesting the doublet radicals in the dinuclear structure for all the compounds. This work revealed a series of discrete phosphonate-based systems with a multi-step coloration process, providing a new pathway for designing multicolor photochromic materials with potential photoswitching or other applications.     

Progress in DNA Aptamers as Recognition Components for Protein Functional Regulation

Proteins play a central role in all domains of life, and precise regulation of their activity is essential for understanding the related biological processes and therapeutic functions. Nucleic acid aptamers, the molecular recognition components derived from systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment(SELEX), can specifically identify proteins with antibody-like recognition characteristics and help to regulate their activity. This minireview covers the SELEX-based selection of protein-binding aptamers, membrane protein analytical techniques based on aptamer-mediated target recognition, aptamer-mediated functional regulation of proteins, including membrane receptors and non-membrane proteins(thrombin as a model), as well as the potential challenges and prospects regarding aptamer-mediated protein manipulation, aiming to supply some useful information for researchers in this field.     

Single-atom Fe Embedded Co3S4 for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Constructing atomically dispersed active sites with densely exposed and dispersed double metal-S_x catalytic sites for favorable OER catalytic activity remains rare and challenging. Herein, we design and construct a Fe₁S_x@Co₃S₄ electrocatalyst with Fe single atoms epitaxially confined in Co₃S₄ nanosheets for catalyzing the sluggish alkaline oxygen evolution reaction(OER). Consequently, in ultralow concentration alkaline solutions(0.1 mol/L KOH), such a catalyst is highly active and robust for OER with low overpotentials of 300 and 333 mV at current densities of 10 and 30 mA/cm², respectively, accompanying long-term stability without significant degradation even for 350 h. In addition, Fe₁S_x@Co₃S₄ shows a turnover frequency(TOF) value of 0.18 s⁻¹, nearly three times that of Co₃S₄(0.07 s⁻¹), suggesting the higher atomic utilization of Fe single atoms. Mössbauer and in-situ Raman spectra confirm that the OER activity of Fe₁S_x@Co₃S₄ origins from a thin catalytic layer of Co(Fe)OOH that interacts with trace-level Fe species in the electrolyte, creating dynamically stable active sites. Combined with experimental characterizations, it suggests that the most active S-coordinated dual-metal site configurations are 2S-bridged (Fe-Co)S₄, in which Co-S and Fe-S moieties are shared with two S atoms, which can strongly regulate the adsorption energy of reaction intermediates, accelerating the OER reaction kinetics.