北京城市污泥中铅砷镉形态浓度的ICP-MS分析

城市污泥中重金属的难降解和高毒性限制了污泥的资源化利用。以北京G和Q污水处理厂的压滤出厂污泥为实验材料,采用BCR三步浸提法对污泥中铅砷镉Pb,As,Cd的三种形态进行提取,以HNO₃-HClO₄进行全量消解,利用ICP-MS检测Pb,As,Cd的全量和各形态的含量,从而为北京城市污泥的资源开发研究提供基础数据。实验结果表明,北京城市污泥中Pb和Cd含量比上世纪末明显降低：其中,G污泥中Pb,As,Cd的全量(干重)分别为19.60,37.96和1.34 mg·kg-1,而Q污泥中分别为19.58,23.46和2.30 mg·kg-1;两种污泥中Pb含量相差甚微,G污泥中As明显高于Q污泥,而Cd则显著低于后者;两种污泥中相应金属的三种形态的变化趋势基本一致：Pb与As以HAc酸溶态为主,H₂O₂可氧化态最少;而Cd主要以NH₂OH-HCl可还原态存在,HAc酸溶态最少。三种重金属中生物毒性大的形态均占70％以上。     

分离式热管换热器传热特性的实验研究

本文在自行设计分离式热管实验装置的基础上,对其传热特性进行了实验研究。其工作温度为170～250℃,热流密度为25～50 kW/m~2。蒸发段和冷凝段构成相同,均是由7根直径30 mm的无缝钢管短管束组成,管长为160 mm,带有紧套的钢帛环形肋片结构尺寸为:外径45 mm、厚1 mm、片间距4 mm。实验结果表明,在本实验条件下,分离式热管的最佳充液率按管束总容量计为18%～38%。根据实验结果拟合了最佳充液率(24%)下蒸发段内部平均沸腾换热系数和冷凝段内部凝结换热努塞尔数综合关系式。     

富钙镁离子溶液以碳酸盐沉淀固定CO2的试验研究

提出了利用富钙镁离子溶液（海水淡化产生的浓海水、地下卤水、高硬度工业废水等）以碳酸盐沉淀形式实现CO₂固定的思路,以2倍浓度的海水为例进行分析,表明富钙镁离子溶液具有可观的固碳潜力。考察了氨水-氯化铵溶液、氨水-碳酸氢铵溶液和有机胺（MEA、MDEA）作为添加剂提高溶液pH值的方式对碳酸盐沉淀形成能力的影响。结果表明这三种添加剂均可在一定程度上提高溶液pH值,促进富钙镁离子溶液中难溶碳酸盐沉淀形成。     

大口径非球面主反射镜的装调方法研究

针对大口径非球面主反射镜（简称主镜）的装调要求,对比分析常用大口径非球面面形检测方法,提出该类主镜检测面形的最佳方案。在主镜的装调过程中,通过对主镜的固定方式和主镜变形补偿这2个关键环节的阐述,总结主镜固定的难点及主镜变形的原因,提出一套全新的装调方案,以旋转消重力法进行检测,并用专用工装实时定心调节,再用辅料焊接法固定主镜与中心轴,最后采用辅助支撑对主镜组件进行最终固定修正。装调结果表明:对于大口径非球面反射镜,装调完成后的主镜面形精度Rms0.03（＝632.8 nm）。     

基于荧光光谱技术研究食用豆油的生物效应

采用FLS900荧光光谱仪对食用豆油的老鼠全血溶液与正常全血溶液进行了荧光光谱对比分析,得到了食用豆油以及正常老鼠血液的光谱特征差异.实验结果表明,当采用407nm的激光激励全血溶液时,会发出峰值分别位于515nm、556nm和610nm处的荧光.食用豆油的血液荧光强度比正常血液的荧光强度小,其荧光偏振度也小于正常血液的偏振度.分析认为长期食用豆油导致血细胞表面积变小,即发光面积变小,引起荧光强度减小;体积变小,使得分子的旋转能力增强,发射荧光记忆入射光的能力减弱,去偏效果明显增强,因而荧光偏振度变小.研究结果表明,长期食用豆油后能有效使人体血液粘度减小,改善血液循环,为食用油的营养价值分析及指导人们正确食用油脂提供参考.     

Artificial neural network method for determining optical properties from double-integrating-spheres measurements

<正>Accurate measurement of the optical properties of biological tissue is very important for optical diagnosis and therapeutics.An artificial neural network(ANN)-based inverse reconstruction method is introduced to determine the optical properties of turbid media,which is based on the reflectance(R) and transmittance (T) of a thin sample measured by a double-integrating-spheres system.The accuracy and robustness of the method has been validated,and the results show that the root mean square errors(RMSEs) of the absorption coefficientμ_a and scattering coefficientμ'_s reconstruction are less than 0.01 cm~(-1) and 0.02 cm~(-1),respectively.The algorithm is not only very accurate in the case of a lower albedo(~0.33),but also very robust to the noise of R and T especially for theμ'_s reconstruction.     

基于方向-频率分解的旋转不变性纹理分类

提出了一种用于纹理分类的旋转不变性特征提取的新算法.该算法是将一定大小的图像进行二维傅里叶变换;其次在变换后的图像中央选择一个圆盘区域,并在方向[0°,180°]内进行等间隔角度频率抽样,实现方向分解,使用一组复Morlet小波对每个方向上的映射切片进行小波变换,从而实现多通道频率分解;在各个频率通道中计算均值和方差作为特征,并利用线性回归模型计算频率通道之间的关系特征;将特征沿方向进行一维傅里叶变换并取其幅值,从而得到旋转不变性特征.实验结果表明所提取的特征具有较好的旋转不变性,与其它算法相比具有更好的分类性能,并且对无旋转纹理分类也能产生较好的分类结果.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Vacuum Ultraviolet-Excited Luminescence Properties of Novel Dy^3＋-doped GdPO4 White Light Phosphors

Novel Dy^3＋-doped GdPO4 white light phosphors with a monoclinic system are successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method at 240℃. The strong absorption at around 147nm in the excitation spectrum is assigned to the host absorption. It is suggested that the vacuum ultraviolet excited energy is transferred from the host to the Dy^3＋ ions. The f - d transition of the Dy^3＋ ion is observed to be located at 182nm, which is consistent with the calculated value using Dorenbos＇s expression. Under 147nm excitation, Gd0.92PO4：0.08Dy^3＋ phosphor exhibits two emission bands located at 572 nm （yellow） and 478 nm （blue）, which correspond to the hypersensitive transitions ^4 F9/2-^6 H13/2 and ^4 F9/2-^6 H15/2. The two emission bands lead to the white light. Because of the strong absorption at about 147nm, Gd0.92PO4：0.08Dy^3＋ under vacuum ultraviolet excitation is an effective white light phosphor, and has promising applications to mercury-free lamps.     

Hawking Radiation from Plane Symmetric Black Hole Covariant Anomaly

Based on the covariant anomaly cancellation method, which is believed to be more refined than the initial approach of Robinson and Wilczek, we discuss Hawking radiation from the plane symmetric black hole. The result shows that Hawking radiation from the non-spherical symmetric black holes also can be derived from the viewpoint of anomaly.