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991.
R. Spatz und K. H. Lieser 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1977,288(4):267-272
Zusammenfassung Bei Verwendung einer Röntgenröhre mit Sekundärtargets kann durch geeignete Wahl des Sekundärtargets eine hohe Nachweisempfindlichkeit im Bereich bestimmter Ordnungszahlen erreicht werden. Für schwere Elemente ist die Messung der L-Linien vorteilhaft. Bei Verwendung von Radionuklidquellen werden etwa die gleichen Nachweisgrenzen erreicht. Im Bereich hoher Energien sind Radionuklidquellen besonders günstig.
Critical comparison of the measuring range and detection limits in energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis with tube excitation (secondary target) and with radionuclide excitation (Cd-109 and Am-241), by means of bulk powder samples on silicagel basis as an example
Summary Using a X-ray tube in combination with secondary targets by proper choice of the secondary target high detection limits for ranges of certain atomic numbers are obtained. In the case of heavy elements measurement of L-lines is more favourable. By use of radionuclides as X-ray sources nearly the same detection limits are obtained. In the range of high energies the application of radionuclides has distinct advantages.
Wir danken dem BMFT für finanzielle Unterstützung. 相似文献
992.
The Systems AI/CoI2 (A = Alkali Metal, Tl, Ag) and the Crystal Chemistry of the Double Halides AnCoX(n+2) with X = Cl, Br, I The systems AI/CoI2 (A = Cs, Rb, K, Tl, Na, Ag) were investigated by differencethermal analysis. The systems of NaI and AgI are found to be eutectical. A compound A2CoI4 always exists in the other systems. Cs2CoI4 crystallizes in the β-K2SO4 type with a coordination number (C.N.) for Cs equal to 9/10. Results obtained with single crystal technique reveal for the first time that among the double halides Rb2CoI4 is of the monoclinic Sr2GeS4 type (C. N. for Rb = 6(+2)). The compounds K2CoJ4, Tl2CoJ4, T-K2CoBr4, and T-Tl2CoBr4 are isotypic. Both structure groups are characterized by isolated CoX42? tetrahedra. Reflectance spectra and magnetic susceptibilities can be explained on the basis of crystal field theory. – Our results close presently existing gaps in the knowledge on systems of CoBr2 and CoCl2 too. 相似文献
993.
L. Van Den Enden H.J. Geise H.P. Figeys P. Geerlings C. Van Alsenoy 《Journal of Molecular Structure》1976,33(1):69-77
The structure of tricyclo-(3.1.002,4)exane has been determined by gas phase electron diffraction. The molecule has an inversion centre. The mean carbon—carbon bond length, averaged over both three- and four-membered rings is 1.508 A. A model with equal C-C bond lengths fits to the measured diffraction intensities. The four-membered ring is planar with valency angles of 90°, while the carbon atoms of the three-membered rings form isosceles triangles. Ab initio quantum mechanical calculations at the STO-3G level support this geometry. The valency angle CCC (between three- and four-membered rings) for the equilateral four-membered ring model has been found experimentally to be 109.9°. The average C-H bond distance (1.080 Å) is small as a result of increased s-character in these bonds in agreement with reported INDO—LMO calculations. 相似文献
994.
The rapid determination of chloride and inorganic phosphate in blood serum based on continuous flow spectrophotometry was adapted to Flow Injection Analysis by applying dialysis as well as differential dilution of the injected samples. In addition to the manual injection procedure, an automated microsampling unit was developed and used. By continuous dialysis, chloride could be determined reproducibly at a sampling rate of 125 samples per hour at sample volumes of 60 μl or less. A similar sampling rate and high precision were obtained for the determination of inorganic phosphate by using differential dilution. 相似文献
995.
In distinction to Extended Hückel Theory which predicts as the most stable conformation of free zwitterionic GABA a totally extended form, PCILO and SCF ab initio studies show that the intrinsically preferred conformation of the isolated molecule is a highly folded one, resulting from strong interactions between the two charged ends. Computations are also carried out for hydrated GABA in the supermolecule approach allowing moreover for the flexibility of binding of some of the water molecules of the first hydration shell. They predict the coexistence in solution of a large number of conformations showing different degrees of folding (or extension), a result confirmed by recent NMR studies. This and a number of similar results show that we have to adapt our thinking on the role of conformations in pharmacological activity to this situation, which was frequently obscured by the more abundant results of X-ray crystallography yielding a single conformation. 相似文献
996.
The basic principles of Flow Injection Analysis are outlined. The parameters governing the dispersion of the injected sample zone in the system are discussed, and it is demonstrated how these parameters can be manipulated in order to suit the requirements of an individual analytical procedure. A number of examples illustrating the practical application of f.i.a. are described, comprising the use of automated, stopped-flow, merging-zones, extraction techniques as well as f.i.a. scanning and methods based on intermittent pumping. Updated lists on f.i.a. procedures published and species that can be determined by f.i.a. are included. 相似文献
997.
D. H. Beebe C. E. Gordon R. N. Thudium M. C. Throckmorton T. L. Hanlon 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1978,16(9):2285-2301
A quantitative procedure has been developed for characterizing the complete microstructure of polymers of 1,3-pentadiene, including the tacticity of any crystalline component. This can be accomplished by a combination of infrared spectroscopy, X-ray crystallinity, and 300-MHz NMR spectroscopy. A series of high structural purity polymers were synthesized with a series of previously unreported mixed microstructures. These samples were characterized by using the three techniques mentioned, including the previously unreported 300-MHz NMR data. With those results a 60-MHz NMR/IR method of spectroscopy was developed to determine the composition of poly(1,3-pentadiene)s in terms of percent cis-1,2-, cis-1,4-, trans-1,4-, and 3,4-pentadiene units. 相似文献
998.
James H. Brewster 《Tetrahedron》1974,30(13):1807-1818
An expression for potential energy as a function of torsion angle about a saturated CC bond is developed analytically. This equation is used in the development of two methods for the conformational analysis of paraffins-one based on consideration only of exactly staggered conformers and one giving consideration to energy at 1° intervals of torsion angle. Two methods of assigning molecular rotations to hydrocarbon conformers are considered. Various combinations of results so obtained are compared as ways to calculate rotations for paraffins. 相似文献
999.
A procedure is described for use of an on-line digital computer to acquire and process low resolution mass spectra obtained by a fractionated evaporation technique. The procedure generates unambiguous spectra from uniform solid or liquid organic substances, and characteristic spectra from multicomponent organic solid or liquid samples. The system is realised with minimal hardware configuration. 相似文献
1000.
A systematic study of activation analysis with cyclotron-produced neutrons for (n, 2n), (n, p) and (n, α) reactions is presented.
The limits of detection for elements of atomic number from 6 to 80 are given. The possibilities of optimization of irradiation
conditions by the choice of the most suitable neutron spectrum are discussed. The potential of this fast neutron activation
analysis method is compared with that of 14 MeV neutron activation analysis. 相似文献