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991.
Summary This paper uses Hamiltonian structures to study the problem of the limit of three-dimensional (3D) elastic models to shell
and rod models. In the case of shells, we show that the Hamiltonian structure for a three-dimensional elastic body converges,
in a sense made precise, to that for a shell model described by a one-director Cosserat surface as the thickness goes to zero.
We study limiting procedures that give rise to unconstrained as well as constrained Cosserat director models. The case of
a rod is also considered and similar convergence results are established, with the limiting model being a geometrically exact
director rod model (in the framework developed by Antman, Simo, and coworkers). The resulting model may or may not have constraints,
depending on the nature of the constitutive relations and their behavior under the limiting procedure.
The closeness of Hamiltonian structures is measured by the closeness of Poisson brackets on certain classes of functions,
as well as the Hamiltonians. This provides one way of justifying the dynamic one-director model for shells. Another way of
stating the convergence result is that there is an almost-Poisson embedding from the phase space of the shell to the phase
space of the 3D elastic body, which implies that, in the sense of Hamiltonian structures, the dynamics of the elastic body
is close to that of the shell. The constitutive equations of the 3D model and their behavior as the thickness tends to zero
dictates whether the limiting 2D model is a constrained or an unconstrained director model.
We apply our theory in the specific case of a 3D Saint Venant-Kirchhoff material andderive the corresponding limiting shell and rod theories. The limiting shell model is an interesting Kirchhoff-like shell model
in which the stored energy function is explicitly derived in terms of the shell curvature. For rods, one gets (with an additional
inextensibility constraint) a one-director Kirchhoff elastic rod model, which reduces to the well-known Euler elastica if
one adds an additional single constraint that the director lines up with the Frenet frame.
This paper is dedicated to the memory of Juan C. Simo
This paper was solicited by the editors to be part of a volume dedicated to the memory of Juan Simo. 相似文献
992.
Charlie H. Cooke 《国际流体数值方法杂志》1994,18(6):545-553
A new approach to the calculation of the high pressures characterizing the flow field in front of a piston undergoing severe acceleration over the short term is presented. In contrast with previous approaches where the computational domain is altered but which stop short of transforming velocities, here the problem is solved in an accelerating non-Euclidean co-ordinate system where the piston is stationary. The method is applied to a study of the problem of premature sabot separation. Through use of Harten's second-order-accurate TVD scheme, flow simulations are performed for both 1D and 3D axisymmetric geometries. The simple 1D model gives pressure profiles surprisingly close to those of the more physical 3D model. 相似文献
993.
This paper reports a combined experimental and numerical investigation of three-dimensional steady turbulent flows in inlet manifolds of square cross-section. Predictions and measurements of the flows were carried out using computational fluid dynamics and laser Doppler anemometry techniques respectively. The flow structure was characterized in detail and the effects of flow split ratio and inlet flow rate were studied. These were found to cause significant variations in the size and shape of recirculation regions in the branches, and in the turbulence levels. It was then found that there is a significant difference between the flow rates through different branches. The performance of the code was assessed through a comparison between predictions and measurements. The comparison demonstrates that all important features of the flow are well represented by the predictions. 相似文献
994.
Summary. We examine the convergence characteristics of iterative methods based on a new preconditioning operator for solving the linear
systems arising from discretization and linearization of the steady-state Navier-Stokes equations. With a combination of analytic
and empirical results, we study the effects of fundamental parameters on convergence. We demonstrate that the preconditioned
problem has an eigenvalue distribution consisting of a tightly clustered set together with a small number of outliers. The
structure of these distributions is independent of the discretization mesh size, but the cardinality of the set of outliers
increases slowly as the viscosity becomes smaller. These characteristics are directly correlated with the convergence properties
of iterative solvers.
Received August 5, 2000 / Published online June 20, 2001 相似文献
995.
Trace pollutants analysis in soil by a time-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
A. Ciucci V. Palleschi S. Rastelli R. Barbini F. Colao R. Fantoni A. Palucci S. Ribezzo H. J. L. van der Steen 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1996,63(2):185-190
The results of a joint experiment of IFAM-Pisa and ENEA-Frascati for the detection of traces of pollutants in soil by a time-resolved laser-induced spectroscopy technique are reported. Using samples of soil with known pollutants' concentration [Geochemical Exploration Reference (GXR) silicate from US Geological Survey], we were able to estimate the sensitivity of this Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique to be of the order of some parts per million for a vast class of metallic pollutants, including extremely dangerous soil pollutants such as copper, lead and chromium.ENEA guest with HC&M fellowship 相似文献
996.
Comparison of Two Reformulation-Linearization Technique Based Linear Programming Relaxations for Polynomial Programming Problems 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In this paper, we compare two strategies for constructing linear programmingrelaxations for polynomial programming problems using aReformulation-Linearization Technique (RLT). RLT involves an automaticreformulation of the problem via the addition of certain nonlinear impliedconstraints that are generated by using the products of the simple boundingrestrictions (among other products), and a subsequent linearization based onvariable redefinitions. We prove that applying RLT directly to the originalpolynomial program produces a bound that dominates in the sense of being atleast as tight as the value obtained when RLT is applied to the jointcollection of all equivalent quadratic problems that could be constructed byrecursively defining additional variables as suggested by Shor. 相似文献
997.
J Perkell H Lane M Svirsky J Webster 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》1992,91(5):2961-2978
Acoustic parameters were measured for vowels spoken in /hVd/ context by four postlingually deafened recipients of multichannel (Ineraid) cochlear implants. Three of the subjects became totally deaf in adulthood after varying periods of partial hearing loss; the fourth became totally deaf at age four. The subjects received different degrees of perceptual benefit from the prosthesis. Recordings were made before, and at intervals following speech processor activation. The measured parameters included F1, F2, F0, SPL, duration, and amplitude difference between the first two harmonic peaks in the log magnitude spectrum (H 1-H2). Numerous changes in parameter values were observed from pre- to post-implant, with differences among subjects. Many changes, but not all, were in the direction of normative data, and most changes were consistent with hypotheses about relations among the parameters. Some of the changes tended to enhance phonemic contrasts; others had the opposite effect. For three subjects, H 1-H2 changed in a direction consistent with measurements of their average air flow when reading; that relation was more complex for the fourth subject. The results are interpreted with respect to: characteristics of the individual subjects, including vowel identification scores; mechanical interactions among glottal and supraglottal articulations; and hypotheses about the role of auditory feedback in the control of speech production. Almost all the observed differences could be attributed to changes in the average settings of speaking rate, F0 and SPL, which presumably can be perceived without the need for spectral place information. Some observed F2 realignment may be attributable to the reception of spectral cues. 相似文献
998.
In [33], we studied the constraint problem for two-dimensional quantum gravity in the conformal gauge. In this gauge, we proposed an ansatz for the gravitational sector. Using this ansatz, we established a striking connection between the matrix models and continuum 2D gravity. We also announced several results on semi-infinite homology of the Virasoro algebra with coefficients in a suitable class of positive energy modules. In this article, we will provide details of the proof of the announced results.Supported in part by the Alfred P. Sloan FoundationSupported by NSF Grant DMS-8703581 相似文献
999.
An intensity-modulated optical fibre sensor system is described which employs a single LED source to provide the measurand and the reference signals with two separate wavelength bands. The allocated wavelength bands are selected to minimize any differential intensity effects that may arise from LED thermal variations. The sensor system, comprising a transceiver unit connected to an optical displacement sensor using a single optical fibre, provides an output fully referenced for all major common-mode variations that are likely to occur. Performance characteristics for the prototype system are reported which show a linear displacement range of over 20 mm. 相似文献
1000.
Granular films prepared from well-defined In clusters embedded in Kr (? 10-40 at % Kr) show sharp resistance anomalies very close to the superconducting transition temperature. The observed resistance peak(s), which go(es) above the normal state resistance RN and which can be as high as ? 1.5 RN, can be explained by a “mesoscopic” effect: Superconducting percolation aggregates of size ξρ, larger than the superconducting coherence length ξS, but smaller than the quasiparticle relaxation length λQ*, have a superconducting gap, but are not yet able to carry a supercurrent. 相似文献