Electronic tongues in flow analysis

This review presents the evolution of recent flow-based analytical systems, characterized by the use of arrays of sensors as a detection scheme. For the proper processing of the complex responses generated, the systems require the use of advanced chemometric treatment, in which received the term “electronic tongue”. Applications employing the flow injection analysis (FIA) and sequential injection analysis (SIA) are described. Chronologically, the progresses made by different research groups are shown, emphasizing their final applications in real problem solving.     

A Highly Sensitive Kinetic Spectrophotometric System and Its Analytical Potential for Chromatographic Detection of Metal Ions

Micelles,microemulsions.vesicles,etc.,areorganicmicroheterogeneousmedia.Useofthesemediainanalyticalreactionsfordevelopingnewkinetic-baseddeterminationsorimprovingpreviouslyestablishedkineticmethodshasbeenreported"2.Inrecentyears,amixedmicellarmediumc...     

On the strong law of large numbers for delayed sums and random fields

A paper by Chow [3] contains (i.a.) a strong law for delayed sums, such that the length of the edge of the nth window equals n ^α for 0 < α < 1. In this paper we consider the kind of intermediate case when edges grow like n=L(n), where L is slowly varying at infinity, thus at a higher rate than any power less than one, but not quite at a linear rate. The typical example one should have in mind is L(n) = log n. The main focus of the present paper is on random field versions of such strong laws.     

Cesàro Summation for Random Fields

Various methods of summation for divergent series of real numbers have been generalized to analogous results for sums of i.i.d. random variables. The natural extension of results corresponding to Cesàro summation amounts to proving almost sure convergence of the Cesàro means. In the present paper we extend such results as well as weak laws and results on complete convergence to random fields, more specifically to random variables indexed by ℤ₊², the positive two-dimensional integer lattice points.     

A New Sesquiterpene from Michelia yunnanensis

MicheliayunnanensisFr.exFin.etGagnisaChinesetraditionalmedicinefortreatmentofinflammation.Weobtainedanewsesquiterpene1,throughinvestigationoftheplant,togetherwithtwoknowncompoundsPhydroxyarbusculinAZIandparthenolide32.Compound1,needlecrystal,mp146"C,[a];z-2.56(c0.391,CHC13),displayedstrongabsorptionsforhydroxylandestergroups(3339cm-',3298cm',1750..-i,1742cm')inIR.HRFAB MSmlz:389.2168[(M l) ,Cafe.forC19H33OS:389.21751agreedwithmolecularformulaC19H32O8.Fourunsaturations,twoofwhichwer…     

Eilatin complexes of ruthenium and osmium. synthesis, electrochemical behavior, and near-IR luminescence

The synthesis and characterization of new Ru(II) and Os(II) complexes of the ligand eilatin (1) are described. The new complexes [Ru(bpy)(eil)(2)](2+) (2), [Ru(eil)(3)](2+) (3), and [Os(eil)(3)](2+) (4) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; eil = eilatin) were synthesized and characterized by NMR, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. In the series of complexes [Ru(bpy)(x)(eil)(y)()](2+) (x + y = 3), the effect of sequential substitution of eil for bpy on the electrochemical and photophysical properties was examined. The absorption spectra of the complexes exhibit several bpy- and eil-associated pi-pi and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) transitions in the visible region (400-600 nm), whose energy and relative intensity depend on the number of ligands bound to the metal center (x and y). On going from [Ru(bpy)(2)(eil)](2+) (5) to 2 to 3, the d(pi)(Ru) --> pi(eil) MLCT transition undergoes a red shift from 583 to 591 to 599 nm, respectively. Electrochemical measurements performed in dimethyl sulfoxide reveal several ligand-based reduction processes, where each eil ligand can accept up to two electrons at potentials that are significantly anodically shifted (by ca. 1 V) with respect to the bpy ligands. The complexes exhibit near-IR emission (900-1100 nm) of typical (3)MLCT character, both at room temperature and at 77 K. Along the series 5, 2, and 3, upon substitution of eil for bpy, the emission maxima undergo a blue shift and the quantum yields and lifetimes increase. The radiative and nonradiative processes that contribute to deactivation of the excited level are discussed in detail.     

Complete convergence for arrays

Let {(X _nk , 1≤k≤n),n≥1}, be an array of rowwise independent random variables. We extend and generalize some recent results due to Hu, Móricz and Taylor concerning complete convergence, in the sense of Hsu and Robbins, of the sequence of rowwise arithmetic means.