一类非线性高阶波动方程的初边值问题

该文研究一类非线性高阶波动方程u_tt－a_1^Uxx+a_₂u_x4+a₃u_x4_tt=φ(u_{x ⁾}x+f(u,u_x,u_xxu_xxx,u_x4)的初边值问题.证明整体古典解的存在唯一性并给出古典解爆破的充分条件.     

对毛细管电动力学色谱中t0和tmc测定方法的考察

在同系物方法测定胶束迁移速度（ｌ／ｔｍ ｃ ） 的基础上提出了一种同时求算电渗流速率（ｌ／ｔ０） 的ｔ０ 和ｔｍ ｃ 的新方法， 该法在选择同系物标记物较为适当时， 可以得到更为准确的结果。同时可以减少由ｔ０ 测定而带来的误差。 实验结果表明， 采用甲醇等标记物测定电渗流速率时， 由于其在胶束中的溶解使得实测结果较真值偏大，而由此计算得到的ｔｍ ｃ 值偏低。ｔ０ 、ｔｍ ｃ 皆与缓冲液的种类和浓度有关， 这可能是由于缓冲液组成的变化不仅使得离子强度改变， 也使柱管壁和胶束表面的ξ势发生变化所致。同系物标记物的选择对ｔ０ 、ｔｍｃ 测定精度影响的讨论也为实际分析系统ｔ０ 、ｔｍｃ 的测定和分析分离条件的优化选择提供了必要的理论依据。     

Study of the phase I and phase II metabolism of nephrotoxin aristolochic acid by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Prolonged exposure to aristolochic acid (AA) was shown to pose rapid progressive renal fibrosis in Belgian women in a slimming regime in the early 1990s. AA was also demonstrated to be strong carcinogen in rats. The carcinogenicity of AA is generally believed to be related to the nitro-reduction of AA, in which the aristolactam-nitriumion ion with a delocalized positive charge is the ultimate carcinogen. In this study, the phase I and phase II metabolism of AA was investigated by using an in vitro system with rat liver S9 and an in vivo animal study with Sprague-Dawley rats. AA was found to have been undergone hydroxylation, lactam formation, and desnitro and desmethyl transformations. Three conjugated metabolites of AA, namely the N- and O-glucuronides of aristolactams, were detected directly in pre-concentrated urine sample, with no acid hydrolysis or enzymatic digestion. Structural elucidation of the metabolites was performed by using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The results indicated that N-glucuronidation was the major phase II metabolic pathway for the aristolactams formed by AA after their nitro-reduction.     

Local existence and global nonexistence theorems for a damped nonlinear hyperbolic equation

The existence and uniqueness of the local generalized solution to the initial boundary value problem for the three-dimensional damped nonlinear hyperbolic equation

     

Effect of traditional Chinese medicine berberine on type 2 diabetes based on comprehensive metabonomics

A comprehensive metabonomic method, in combination with fingerprint analysis and target analysis, was performed to reveal potential mechanisms of berberine action in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Serum samples of 60 patients before and after treatment with either berberine or placebo were collected. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC Q-TOF MS) coupled with pattern recognition analysis were used to identify changes in global serum metabolites. Compared with placebo, patients before and after berberine treatment could be separated into distinct clusters as displayed by the orthogonal signal correction filtered partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OSC-PLS-DA) score plot, which indicated changes in circulating metabolites after berberine treatment. Among them, free fatty acids changed markedly. These were further quantified by UPLC combined with single quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC SQ MS). There was a highly significant decrease in the concentrations of 13 fatty acids following berberine administration. 10 fatty acids also differed statistically from placebo. These results suggest that berberine might play a pivotal role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes through down-regulating the high level of free fatty acids and that comprehensive metabonomic measurements are potentially very useful for studying the mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicines.     

Identification of phospholipid structures in human blood by direct-injection quadrupole-linear ion-trap mass spectrometry

Direct-injection electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in combination with information-dependent data acquisition (IDA), using a triple-quadrupole/linear ion trap combination, allows high-throughput qualitative analysis of complex phospholipid species from child whole blood. In the IDA experiments, scans to detect specific head groups (precursor ion or neutral loss scans) were used as survey scans to detect phospholipid classes. An enhanced resolution scan was then used to confirm the mass assignments, and the enhanced product ion scan was implemented as a dependent scan to determine the composition of each phospholipid class. These survey and dependent scans were performed sequentially and repeated for the entire duration of analysis, thus providing the maximum information from a single injection. In this way, 50 different phospholipids belonging to the phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin classes were identified in child whole blood.     

Improvement of analyte to interferent line intensity ratio in direct current glow discharge mass spectrometry

Elemental analysis by quadrupole mass spectrometry with direct current powered glow discharge ion source has been improved for flat Cu samples. The line ratio of analyte to Ar-related interferents can be enhanced for several orders of magnitude when ion source geometry, ion extraction system and operating parameters are optimised quasi-simultaneously. Such an extreme improvement may partially be explained by different ion energy distributions depending on their origin: matrix and analytes, working gas, residual gases. Probably it is due to a synergistic effect of several processes needing further investigation.