Single nucleotide polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA HVS‐I and HVS‐II in Chinese Bai ethnic group

For forensic and population genetic purposes, a total of 125 unrelated volunteers’ blood samples were collected from Chinese Bai ethnic minority group to analyze sequence variation of two hypervariable segments (HVS‐I and HVS‐II) in the mitochondrial DNA control region. Comparing the HVS‐I and HVS‐II sequences of the 125 Chinese Bais to the Anderson reference sequence, we found 86 polymorphic loci in HVS‐I and 40 in HVS‐II in mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Chinese Bai ethnic minority group, which defined 93 and 53 different haplotypes, respectively. Haplotype diversity and the mean pairwise differences were 0.992 ± 0.003 and 6.553 in HVS‐I, and 0.877 ± 0.027 and 2.407 in HVS‐II, respectively. We defined four macrohaplogroups R, M, N and D with the proportions ranging from 9.6% to 40.0%. With the analysis of the hypervariable domain from nucleotide 16 180–16 193 in HVS‐I, our study revealed new haplotypes of sequence variations. In addition, the Fst metric, phylogenetic tree, and principal component analysis demonstrated a close genetic relationship between the Bai group and Chinese Han populations from South China, Changsha, and Guangdong. The results support that the Bai group is a multiorigin ethnic minority that has merged with the Chinese Han population.     

Comprehensive characterization of natural organic matter by MALDI- and ESI-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Natural organic matter (NOM) is a complex and non-uniform mixture of organic compounds which plays an important role in environmental processes. Due to the complexity, it is challenging to obtain fully detailed structural information about NOM. Although Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for providing molecular information about NOM, multiple ionization methods are needed for comprehensive characterization of NOM at the molecular level considering the ionizing selectivity of different ionization methods. This paper reports the first use of matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) method coupled with FT-ICR-MS for molecular characterization of NOM within a mass range of 200–800 Da. The mass spectral data obtained by MALDI were systematically compared with data generated by electrospray ionization (ESI). It showed that complementary molecular information about NOM which could not be detected by ESI, were provided by MALDI. More unsaturated and aromatic constituents of NOM with lower O/C ratio (O/C ratio < 0.5) were preferentially ionized in MALDI negative mode, whereas more polar constituents of NOM with higher O/C ratio were preferentially ionized in ESI negative mode. Molecular anions of NOM appearing at even m/z in MALDI negative ion mode were detected. The results show that NOM molecules with aromatic structures, moderate O/C ratio (0.7 > O/C ratio > 0.25) and lower H/C ratio were liable to form molecular anions at even m/z, whereas those with higher H/C ratio are more likely to form deprotonated ions at odd m/z. It is speculated that almost half of the NOM molecules identified by MALDI may be aromatic or condensed aromatic compounds with special groups which are liable to absorb electron from other molecules to generate free radical anions during MALDI ionization.     

The Cu-MOF-199/single-walled carbon nanotubes modified electrode for simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol with extended linear ranges and lower detection limits

A novel electrochemical sensor based on Cu-MOF-199 [Cu-MOF-199 = Cu₃(BTC)₂ (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylicacid)] and SWCNTs (single-walled carbon nanotubes) was fabricated for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CT). The modification procedure was carried out through casting SWCNTs on the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and followed by the electrodeposition of Cu-MOF-199 on the SWCNTs modified electrode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to characterize the electrochemical performance and surface characteristics of the as-prepared sensor. The composite electrode exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity with increased electrochemical signals towards the oxidation of HQ and CT, owing to the synergistic effect of SWCNTs and Cu-MOF-199. Under the optimized condition, the linear response range were from 0.1 to 1453 μmol L⁻¹ (R_HQ = 0.9999) for HQ and 0.1–1150 μmol L⁻¹ (R_CT = 0.9990) for CT. The detection limits for HQ and CT were as low as 0.08 and 0.1 μmol L⁻¹, respectively. Moreover, the modified electrode presented the good reproducibility and the excellent anti-interference performance. The analytical performance of the developed sensor for the simultaneous detection of HQ and CT had been evaluated in practical samples with satisfying results.     

New Monoterpenoids from Fruits of Gardenia jasminoides var. radicans

One new lactone, cyclopentanepyrone A ( 1 ), and two new monoterpenoids, gardeterpenone A ( 2 ) and jasminoside V ( 3 ), were isolated from the fruits of Gardenia jasminoides var. radicans, along with four known monoterpenoids, 4 – 7 , which were isolated from this plant for the first time. The structures of the isolates were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic studies, including UV, IR, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, ESI‐MS, HR‐ESI‐MS, and CD experiments.     

Structure and Absolute Configuration of Aspergilumamide A,a Novel Lumazine Peptide from the Mangrove‐Derived Fungus Aspergillus sp.

A novel lumazine peptide, aspergilumamide A ( 1 ), as well as a known analog penilumamide ( 2 ), were isolated from the mycelia of a marine‐derived fungus Aspergillus sp. (33241), obtained from the mangrove Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala collected from the South China Sea. The structure of 1 was identified by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, ESI‐MS, and MS/MS experiments. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by Marfey's method.     

Resolution of ketoconazole enantiomers by high-performance liquid chromatography and inclusion complex formation between selector and enantiomerss

The analytical resolution of ketoconazole (KTZ) enantiomers was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with sulphobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as a chiral mobile phase additive (chiral selector). Some important factors affecting the resolution of KTZ enantiomers were investigated. In addition, the molecular interaction between KTZ and SBE-β-CD was studied using the UV absorption spectrum and HPLC for an understanding of the resolution process. The results show that the type and concentration of the chiral mobile phase additive, the pH of the mobile phase and the volume fraction of methanol (?_MeOH) in the mobile phase all have a clear influence on the resolution of KTZ enantiomers. Under optimal conditions, namely the use of 0.5 mmol L^?1 SBE-β-CD as the chiral mobile phase additive, pH of 4.0 and ?_MeOH in the mobile phase of 0.6, KTZ enantiomers are resolved with a resolution of 3.74. SBE-β-CD can bind to KTZ with a stability constant of 1157. The chromatographic method can provide the complexation stability constants of (+)-KTZ with SBE-β-CD (K₍₊₎) and (?)-KTZ with SBE-β-CD (K_(?)). The intrinsic enantioselectivity was calculated from the K₍₊₎ to (K_(?)) ratio as 1.34.     

Guapsidial A and Guadials B and C: Three New Meroterpenoids with Unusual Skeletons from the Leaves of Psidium guajava

A novel sesquiterpene‐based Psidium meroterpenoid, possessing an unusual coupling pattern, and two new monoterpene‐based meroterpenoids with unprecedented skeletons were isolated from the leaves of Psidium guajava. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic, X‐ray diffraction, and computational methods. The plausible biosynthetic pathway of these meroterpenoids as well as their cytotoxicities toward HepG2 and HepG2/ADM cells were also discussed.     

Clean Synthesis of an Economical 3D Nanochain Network of PdCu Alloy with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performance towards Ethanol Oxidation

A one‐pot method for the fast synthesis of a 3D nanochain network (NNC) of PdCu alloy without any surfactants is described. The composition of the as‐prepared PdCu alloy catalysts can be precisely controlled by changing the precursor ratio of Pd to Cu. First, the Cu content changes the electronic structure of Pd in the 3D NNC of PdCu alloy. Second, the 3D network structure offers large open pores, high surface areas, and self‐supported properties. Third, the surfactant‐free strategy results in a relatively clean surface. These factors all contribute to better electrocatalytic activity and durability towards ethanol oxidation. Moreover, the use of copper in the alloy lowers the price of the catalyst by replacing the noble metal palladium with non‐noble metal copper. The composition‐optimized Pd₈₀Cu₂₀ alloy in the 3D NNC catalyst shows an increased electrochemically active surface area (80.95 m² g^?1) and a 3.62‐fold enhancement of mass activity (6.16 A mg^?1) over a commercial Pd/C catalyst.     

Sr_2CeO_4:Nd~(3+)纳米粒子的合成和近红外发光

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧法制备了Sr2CeO4和Sr2CeO4:Nd3+发光纳米粒子。样品的结构及性质采用XRD,TEM,荧光光谱及荧光衰减曲线等进行表征。在1200℃煅烧1h能够得到均匀的类球形Sr2CeO4:Nd3+纳米粒子,其粒径大小为20~40nm,并具有良好的分散性和高效的近红外发光特性。Nd3+合适掺杂浓度为0.15%(摩尔分数)。对Sr2CeO4:Nd3+近红外发光的机制分析表明:通过基质Sr2CeO4吸收紫外光,基团CeO4发生了电荷转移达到激发态,并将激发态能量传递给了Nd3+,从而使Sr2CeO4:Nd3+产生了特征的近红外发射。     

借鉴美国主流高校EHS体系建设我国的实验室安全文化

以美国化学类专业排名前30的高等院校的环境安全与健康管理体系(Environment,HealthSafety,简写为EHS)为研究对象,进行了信息的收集、分析与整合,从中总结出美国高校EHS管理体系的6个特点;进一步介绍了美国高校EHS管理体系架构的确立与运作。结合目前我国高校实验室安全管理存在的主要问题,提出了建设、发展和丰富我国高校的实验室安全文化是当前最基础性的建设任务之一,以期引起高校管理部门对安全问题的真正重视并落实到行动中。