原位液相透射电子显微镜及其在 纳米粒子表征方面的应用

近年来,基于透射电子显微技术、微纳加工技术和薄膜制造技术的发展,原位液相透射电子显微技术产生,为构建多种纳米级分辨率尺度下的微实验平台,发展新型纳米表征技术和众多领域的相关研究提供了途径.本文首先介绍了应用于原位液相透射电子显微技术的液体腔设计要求,然后介绍了液体腔的发展和典型的制备工艺,最后综述了近年来液体腔透射电子显微镜在纳米粒子成核和生长方面的应用研究,并探讨了该技术前沿发展面临的机遇和挑战.本文将为提高我国先进纳米表征技术和原子精准构筑技术提供相关讨论和支持.     

Sensitive chemically amplified electrochemical detection of ruthenium tris-(2,2′-bipyridine) on tin-doped indium oxide electrode

Optimized combination of chemical agents was selected for sensitive electrochemical detection of dissolved ruthenium tris-(2,2′-bipyridine) (Ru-bipy). The detection was based on the chemical amplification mechanism, in which the anodic current of a redox-active analyte was amplified by a sacrificial electron donor in solution. On indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, electrochemical reaction of the analyte was reversible, but that of the electron donor was greatly suppressed. Several transition metal complexes, such as ferrocene and tris-(2,2′-bipyridine) complexes of osmium, iron and ruthenium, were evaluated as model analyte. A correlation between the amplified current and the standard potential of the complex was observed, and Ru-bipy generated the largest current. A variety of organic bases, acids and zwitterions were assessed as potential electron donor. Sodium oxalate was found to produce the largest amplification factor. With Ru-bipy as the model analyte and oxalate as the electron donor, the analyte concentration curve was linear up to 50 μM, with a lower detection limit of approximately 50 nM. Preliminary work was presented in which a Ru-bipy derivative was attached to bovine serum albumin and detected electrochemically. Although the combination of Ru-bipy, oxalate and ITO electrode has been used before for electrochemiluminescent detection of Ru-bipy and oxalate, as well as electrochemical detection of oxalate, its utility in amplified voltammetric detection of Ru-bipy as a potential electrochemical label has not been reported previously.     

完全非相干白光一维光生伏打暗空间孤子

使用白炽灯作光源在LiNbO₃∶Fe晶体内实验观察到一维白光光生伏打暗空间孤 子. 由奇数 和偶数初始条件分别产生了灰孤子和灰孤子对，它们所感应的波导能导向白光和相干光. 用 相干光清楚地探测到它们内部的多模结构. 该实验证明了白光光生伏打暗空间孤子的存在， 并指出了用完全非相干的白光暗孤子控制和导向相干光的可能性. 关键词： 光生伏打效应 自陷 完全非相干孤子 波导     

Micromachining of circular ring microstructure by femtosecond laser pulses

In this paper, integration of interference phenomenon into femtosecond laser micromachining was reported as the femtosecond laser pulses were reshaped spatially to perform ablation. The generation of circular interference pattern was demonstrated by overlapping infrared femtosecond laser pulses. The interference pattern was subsequently focused on a copper substrate to ablate microstructures of concentric circular rings. The present technique is expected to open up new applications in the areas of rapid fabrication of micro-Fresnel lenses, hybrid microlenses and lens arrays.     

Stability of Semiconductor States with Insulating and Contact Boundary Conditions

We prove the existence of global smooth solutions near a given steady state of the hydrodynamic model of the semiconductors in a bounded domain with physical boundary conditions. The steady state and the doping profile are permitted to be of large variation but the initial velocity must be small. Two cases are considered. In the first one the problem is three-dimensional, the boundary conditions are insulating and the steady state velocity vanishes. In the second one, the problem is one-dimensional, the boundary is of contact type and the steady state velocity does not vanish.     

山西省农民家庭消费水平和结构分析

本文利用统计计量学方法对山西省农民家庭消费水平和消费结构的变化及原因进行了实证分析。建立了山西省农民人均消费的消费函数和山西省农民总消费支出与食品、衣着、住房、日用品、燃料及文化生活服务支出的关系模型，并通过模型分析解释了农民的消费结构，也为决策者提供一些有效的参考资料。     

Estimation of multivariate binary density using orthogonal functions

In this paper, the authors studied certain properties of the estimate of Liang and Krishnaiah (1985, J. Multivariate Anal. 16, 162–172) for multivariate binary density. An alternative shrinkage estimate is also obtained. The above results are generalized to general orthonormal systems.     

识别过渡金属离子的1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺多胺衍生物荧光传感器的研究

设计合成了用以检测过渡金属离子的荧光化学敏感器体系,它们是由1,8-萘二酰亚胺为荧光团,多胺衍生物为金属离子受体组成．在室温下对其光物理性质的研究中发现,在没有加入过渡金属离子时,由于体系内存在有效的光诱导电子转移过程使得荧光团的荧光被淬灭．加入过渡金属离子后,金属离子受体中的氮原子和过渡金属离子之间的配位作用阻断了光诱导电子转移过程,体系的荧光增强．不同的金属离子受体表现出了和过渡金属离子不同的配位识别能力,并且通过荧光的变化传递出受体-金属离子作用的信息．     

A new solution of reducing polymer optical fiber losses

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is one of the most commonly used optical materials. However, the application of it in the area of optical communication is strongly limited by the intrinsic absorption loss of carbon-hydrogen stretching vibration. In this paper, we present a method to solve the problem by adopting the hollow-core fibers with cobweb cladding structure. The fibers use a single dielectric material and may solve the problem of structural support. Thus the feasibility of the “OmniGuide” fibers is improved, while a series of advantages of the “OmniGuide” hollow-core fiber are retained. It is promising that a fiber with low transmission loss, high bandwidth, large-core, and low costs can be designed and fabricated using PMMA. At the same time, a very broad range of the wavelengths (from visible to near infrared region, for instance, wavelengths at 0.65-1.12 μm, and even 1.30 μm, 1.54 μm and their neighbors) may be adopted for signal wavelength.     

Nanostructured thermoset epoxy resin templated by an amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(dimethylsiloxane) diblock copolymer

An amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PEO–PDMS) diblock copolymer was used to template a bisphenol A type epoxy resin (ER); nanostructured thermoset blends of ER and PEO–PDMS were prepared with 4,4′‐methylenedianiline (MDA) as the curing agent. The phase behavior, crystallization, hydrogen‐bonding interactions, and nanoscale structures were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. The uncured ER was miscible with the poly(ethylene oxide) block of PEO–PDMS, and the uncured blends were not macroscopically phase‐separated. Macroscopic phase separation took place in the MDA‐cured ER/PEO–PDMS blends containing 60–80 wt % PEO–PDMS diblock copolymer. However, the composition‐dependent nanostructures were formed in the cured blends with 10–50 wt % PEO–PDMS, which did not show macroscopic phase separation. The poly(dimethylsiloxane) microdomains with sizes of 10–20 nm were dispersed in a continuous ER‐rich phase; the average distance between the neighboring microdomains was in the range of 20–50 nm. The miscibility between the cured ER and the poly(ethylene oxide) block of PEO–PDMS was ascribed to the favorable hydrogen‐bonding interaction. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3042–3052, 2006