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The objective of this study was to determine if topical anesthesia to the larynx and pharynx affects vocal fold motion during dynamic voice evaluation with transnasal flexible endoscopy. Transnasal dynamic laryngeal examinations of 10 patients with no voice complaints were evaluated by five blinded fellowship-trained laryngologists. Each patient was examined before and after application of topical anesthetic. Reviewers rated briskness of right and left vocal fold movement and longitudinal tension on a visual analogue scale. Statistical comparisons were made between individual subject scores before and after anesthetic application. Inter-rater reliability was also assessed. No statistical difference was observed between subject scores before and after anesthetic application. Average intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.643 and 0.591 for pre- and postanesthesia scores, respectively. Application of topical anesthesia to the larynx and pharynx does not affect vocal fold motion. 相似文献
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A mathematical model is proposed for the process of vacuum superplasticforming. The model exploits the fact that in most industrialapplications the sheet aspect ratio (thickness/sheet width)is small. After an initial consideration of some of the moregeneral properties and the literature of superplastic materials,the elastic/plastic deformation of an internally-inflated thin-walledcylinder is examined. Plates of arbitrary geometry are thenconsidered. A quasisteady model in which the sheet moves througha sequence of steady states is developed. Some simplified closed-formsolutions are examined, but for general cases a system of nonlinearpartial differential equations must be solved numerically. Anefficient and accurate semi-explicit numerical scheme is proposedand a simplified stability analysis is presented; the methodis then used to compute properties of superplastic vacuum mouldedsheets in a number of practically motivated cases. 相似文献
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To elucidate the reasons underlying the poor penetration of non-viral vectors in tissues, relating transport properties to
physico-chemical parameters of vectors may be crucial. These properties can be influenced by the presence of multiples labels
that are used. Therefore utilizing a vector with minimum of labels preferably not more than one is important to studying penetration
in tissues. The cell impermeant bisintercalating dye YOYO-1 was found suitable to both monitor the formation of complexes
between DNA and an amphipathic peptide LK15 and, to track their penetration in HCT116 spheroids by confocal microscopy. The
results revealed a limited decrease of fluorescence ascribed to the high affinity of YOYO-1 to bind DNA. The residual fluorescence
of complexes can be exploited to monitor penetration into spheroids, after correction for YOYO-1 attenuation, and to revealing
hyaluronidase-induced reduced binding. Hence high affinity dyes such as YOYO-1 with inefficiently quenched fluorescence may
be important to establish a relation between novel medicines characteristics and penetration in tissues. 相似文献
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Marijke WA de Backer Maike AD Brans Mieneke CM Luijendijk Keith M Garner Dianne MA van den Heuvel R Jeroen Pasterkamp Roger AH Adan 《BMC neuroscience》2010,11(1):94