冷冻干燥中升华界面移动的微CT实验研究

采用微CT扫描仪的扫描成像,图像重构及灰度值分析技术对不同厚度苹果片冷冻干燥的升华过程进行实验观察,分析了界面的移动特性.结果表明,对于单面传导加热的升华干燥过程,物料升华不仅在顶面进行,与搁板接触的底面以及侧面也会有水蒸气逸出.厚物料在升华过程中有一个明显的球形冻结区,升华界面呈三维模式逐渐向物料几何中心收缩.无论物料厚薄,刚开始升华干燥速率比较快,随着干燥层的增厚,升华过程的热质阻力增大,升华速率减慢.     

超声表观积分背散射系数评价新生儿骨状况的可行性研究

新生儿骨发育状况的超声评价有重要意义。本文研究用超声背散射信号来评价新生儿骨发育状况的可行性。提出将超声表观积分背散射系数(AIB)用于评价新生儿松质骨状况,研究了不同超声频率下AIB与婴儿体重、出生天数之间的关系。研究结果表明,足月儿的AIB明显大于早产儿的AIB;足月儿的体重和AIB相关性较弱;早产儿的AIB参数和出生天数具有较高的正相关性(R=0.633)。说明超声背散射信号及其参数AIB可用于评价新生儿松质骨发育状况。     

有监督学习的超声背散射方法在骨质评价中的应用

在超声背散射方法评价骨质的实际应用中,如何更为准确地判断测量对象是否为骨质疏松是一个重要问题。提出一种有监督学习的超声背散射评价方法,根据超声背散射离体实验的信号处理结果,对松质骨样本使用支撑向量机和自适应增强的有监督学习算法进行预测和分类。研究结果表明,有监督学习的超声背散射评价方法分类的准确率为80.00%~82.86%,并且对骨质疏松的样本具有较高的特异性(特异度>92.3%)。因此有监督学习的超声背散射评价方法具有有效性,评价效果优于现有的其它定量超声方法,对超声背散射方法的在体应用有一定帮助。     

二次变换法估计骨小梁的间距

平均骨小梁间距作为松质骨微结构的重要表征参数,其值可作为诊断骨质疏松的重要参考信息。提出将二次变换法运用于骨小梁间距的估算,探究其运用于骨小梁间距估算的可行性。通过散射元仿真、时域有限差分法仿真和离体松质骨实验所得到松质骨背散射信号进行分析,同时以自回归倒谱法(AR倒谱法)、反向滤波-自回归倒谱法(反向滤波-AR倒谱法)、自适应滤波-自回归倒谱法(自适应滤波-AR倒谱法)和简易反向滤波跟踪(SIFT)算法作为对比方法进行分析,通过对比证明了其可行性和相比于其他方法的优越性。结果表明,不管是利用仿真实验还是牛胫骨的离体实验所得信号估算骨小梁间距,二次变换法比其他算法具有更强的测量稳定性和准确性。     

基于超快超声多普勒的三维脑损伤成像方法研究

三维超声微血管成像可直观呈现血流信息,对于脑血管疾病诊断和治疗具有重要意义。本文旨在将超快超声成像技术、超快超声功率多普勒技术和机械扫描相结合,实现脑血管三维成像和脑缺血区域评价。通过工程实现,完成了可同步控制微型线性位移平台移动和超声阵列超快发射、高速采集与压缩存储的三维扫描数据采集序列与系统。利用GPU并行运算,高效实现了超声图像波束合成方法,对原始射频超声数据完成重建。进而,基于SVD杂波滤除技术,从重建三维超声数据中提取了脑部的动态小血管信号,并获得了各切面的功率多普勒成像和冠状面彩色多普勒超声小血管成像。最后,采用体素方法对三维脑血管进行重建。大鼠在体实验结果表明,该成像系统可用于三维脑血管网络在体成像,以及脑血管损伤区域定位与量化评价。本工作对脑病检测技术发展与诊断方法研究具有一定的借鉴意义。此外,相关检测系统和成像算法具有一定普适性,对其他富含微血流血管的组织检测也有一定的参考价值。     

Cebulactams A1 and A2, new macrolactams isolated from Saccharopolyspora cebuensis, the first obligate marine strain of the genus Saccharopolyspora

The new macrolactams cebulactams A1 and A2 were isolated from an extract of the first obligate marine strain of the genus Saccharopolyspora. Their constitutionally identical structures, each bearing a six-membered cyclic ether as part of the macrocycle, and their relative configurations were elucidated by MS methods and by 1D and 2D NMR techniques.     

一维链状配位聚合物[Cd{5-(NO2)sal}2(2,2'-bipy)]n的合成与晶体结构

A coordination polymer of [Cd{5-(NO2)sal}2(2,2'-bipy)]n (5-(NO2)sal=5-nitrosalicylate, 2,2'-bipy=2,2'-bipyridine) was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-raydiffraction single crystal structure analysis. The title complex crystallizes in monoelinic with space group C2/c, a=2.730 8(16) nm, b=1.272 3(5) nm, c=0.674 5(3) nm,β=96.73(2)°, V=2.327(2) nm3, Z=4, R=0.022 2, wR=0.057.The 5-nitrosalicylate anions doubly bridge the Cd(Ⅱ) atoms to form one-dimensional polymeric chain with therepeated eight-membered ring units (Cd-O-C-O)2. The crystal structure is stabilized by intra- and interchainhydrogen bonds interactions.     

Structure and biosynthesis of the marine streptomycete ansamycin ansalactam A and its distinctive branched chain polyketide extender unit

Reported is the structure and biosynthesis of ansalactam A, an ansamycin class polyketide produced by an unusual modification of the polyketide pathway. This new metabolite, produced by a marine sediment-derived bacterium of the genus Streptomyces , possesses a novel spiro γ-lactam moiety and a distinctive isobutyryl polyketide fragment observed for the first time in this class of natural products. The structure of ansalactam A was defined by spectroscopic methods including X-ray crystallographic analysis. Biosynthetic studies with stable isotopes further led to the discovery of a new, branched chain polyketide synthase extender unit derived from (E)-4-methyl-2-pentenoic acid for polyketide assembly observed for the first time in this class of natural products.     

Metal-Free Synthesis of 3,3-Disubstituted Oxoindoles by Iodine(III)-Catalyzed Bromocarbocyclizations

"I" did it: An iodine(III)-mediated bromocarbocyclization was elaborated as an efficient tool for the synthesis of oxoindoles. This method is applicable to a variety of structurally different substrates, also with chemically sensitive groups, and gives access to the heterocycles in a regio- and stereoselective fashion. The indole-2-ones obtained can be converted easily into structurally complex target compounds, such as the alkaloid physostigmine.