基频估计算法研究平均骨小梁间距

超声背散射信号能提供松质骨微结构信息从而能有效的诊断骨质疏松,而平均骨小梁间距(MTBS)是表征松质骨微结构的重要参数之一。本文提出了一种基频估计的MTBS估计算法,对仿真信号和离体牛胫骨松质骨中的超声背散射信号分别进行分析处理,并和现有的两种算法(简易反向滤波跟踪(SIFT)算法和AR倒谱法)进行比较。实验结果表明基频估计算法对噪声和随机散射回波有更好的鲁棒性,在信噪比较低和随机散射回波幅度较大时估计值更加精确,且有很好的方差性能。充分说明了本文算法是一种有效的MTBS估计算法。     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Polyoxometalate K(C_4N_2H_(12))_4(C_4N_2H_(11))_(2-)[Mo_8~ⅤMo_4~ⅥCdP_8O_(54)(OH)_8]F·6H_2O

The title compound 1 has been synthesized by the reaction of H_2MoO_4, CdCl_2, H_3PO_4, KF, piperazine hexahydrate and water in aqueous solution under mild hydrothermal conditions. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that the title compound crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P(-1) with a = 14.049(3), b = 15.972(3), c = 20.043(4) (A), α = 85.82(3), β = 81.28(3),γ = 67.15(3)°, V= 4095.9(14) (A)~3, M_r = 3204.62, Z=2,D_c = 2.598 g/cm~3,μ = 2.360 mm~(-1), F(000) = 3124, the final R = 0.0314, wR = 0.0826 and S = 0.989 for 18592 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The crystal packing is stabilized by N-H…O and O-H…O intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form an infinite 3D network.     

锡掺杂二氧化钛相变过程和微结构分析

本文采用溶胶凝胶法制备了锡掺杂纳米二氧化钛,通过高分辨透射电镜法(HRTEM),X-射线衍射法(XRD)等分析手段对样品的相变过程进行了表征.XRD和HRTEM测试表明纯二氧化钛在烧结温度高于500℃时出现金红石相,而25mol; Sn2+掺杂二氧化钛凝胶在300℃烧结2h后少量锐钛矿相析出的同时结晶出金红石相.实验结果表明Sn2掺杂抑制了锐钛矿和金红石相的晶粒长大;Sn2+掺杂明显地促进了锐钛矿向金红石的转变.Sn2氧化后形成Sn4+,Sn4+置换Ti4+而引起二氧化钛晶格膨胀的同时晶格畸变应力增加.     

The Biocatalytic Repertoire of Natural Biaryl Formation

The catalytic and selective construction of carbon–carbon bonds for the generation of complex molecules is one of the most important tasks in organic chemistry. This was clearly highlighted by the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which was awarded for the development of Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions. The underlying concept of cross‐linking building blocks to generate molecular complexity can also be widely found in natural product biosynthesis. Impressive examples for such natural cross‐coupling reactions are biosynthetic processes for the assembly of biaryl moieties in natural products—highly efficient enzymatic reactions that often achieve synthetically yet unmatched selectivities. This Minireview highlights selected examples that showcase these fascinating biotransformations.     

Heterologous Reconstitution of Ikarugamycin Biosynthesis in E. coli

Polycyclic tetramate macrolactams (PTMs) are a family of biomedically promising natural products with challenging molecular frameworks. Despite these interesting properties, so far only relatively little is known about the biosynthetic origin of PTMs, in particular concerning the mechanism by which their ring systems are formed. Herein we present the first insights into these processes by using the biosynthesis of ikarugamycin as an example. This has been facilitated by the first heterologous expression of a PTM biosynthetic gene cluster in Escherichia coli. With this approach it will not only become possible to mechanistically investigate already known PTM biosynthetic pathways in more detail in the future, but also to interrogate cryptic PTM biosynthetic pathways chemically and biochemically.     

Co3O4纳米立方体的可控合成及其CO氧化反应性能

在乙醇和三乙胺的混合溶液中,采用溶剂热法制备了尺寸为10 nm的Co₃O₄立方体. 考察了钴盐前驱体和溶解氧对Co₃O₄纳米立方体结构的影响规律,通过对合成过程中不同阶段产物的结构分析和表征,提出了Co₃O₄纳米立方体的形成机制是溶解再结晶的过程. 将所制备的Co₃O₄纳米立方体在200 ℃焙烧处理后,尺寸和形貌均可保持稳定,但400 ℃焙烧后,变为球形纳米粒子. 这种主要暴露{100}晶面的Co₃O₄纳米立方体催化CO氧化反应的活性低于纳米粒子({111}晶面),验证了四氧化三钴纳米材料在CO氧化反应中的晶面效应.     

纳米尺度CeO2在多相催化反应中的形貌效应

CeO2的催化性能不仅与粒子大小有关,而且与其形貌密切相关. 本文分析了CeO2的纳米结构和氧化还原特性,综述了CeO2在催化反应中的形貌效应,着重介绍了CeO2的结构和形貌对CO氧化、水气变换和乙醇水蒸气重整制氢以及二元醇脱水反应活性的影响.     

二氧化铈纳米球的合成

使用尿素水热法合成了均匀的二氧化铈球型纳米材料.纳米球是由纳米层以及纳米颗粒所构成的核壳结构,其平均粒径为320nm,同时表面主要暴露{111}晶面.尿素水解所产生的氨气分子为纳米球状结构的形成提供了模板,而生成的碳酸根与氢氧根离子作为铈离子的沉淀剂.使用氢气程序升温还原技术表征了氧化铈纳米球材料的氧化还原能力,同时以一氧化碳氧化为探针反应研究了其催化性能.