CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRIGONIOIDACEAN EVOLUTION AND THE REGULARITY OF THEIR GENETIC MATERIAL MUTATIONS

The paper discusses the characteristics of the trigonioidacean evolution, including stagecharacter, pattern of the punctuated equilibria, periodic reappearance phenomenon of similarmorphology and synchronous orientation parallelism.This indicates that the trigonioida-ceans were themselves the material foundation cf their evolution.It is pointed out that thecharacteristics reflect the regularity of their genetic material mutations.     

Sea salt deliquescence and crystallization in atmosphere: an in situ investigation using x‐ray phase contrast imaging

X‐ray phase contrast imaging (PCI) based on synchrotron radiation was introduced for the first time as an in situ imaging way to investigate sea salt phase change, i.e. deliquescence and crystallization in atmospheric environment. A performance on the deliquescence of pure NaCl, which is the dominant component in sea salt, demonstrated that this technique can directly observe the change of core particle and differentiate the outer water layer clearly in solid‐aqueous system of ~100 µm scale. The imaging results showed that sea salt particle deliquesced on a large scale of relative humidity (RH) between 34 and 97% RH as a solid–liquid drop, while no clear deliquescence RH was observed during the process. According to the drop size growth curve, sea salt deliquescence can be divided into three steps, namely water accumulating step (34–75% RH), bulk melting step (75–86% RH) and delay dissolving step (>86% RH), which are most probably dominated by grouped components as MgCl₂/CaCl₂/MgSO₄, NaCl and Na₂SO₄/KCl/K₂SO₄, respectively. Instead at a sole RH, the crystallization of sea salt solution occurred at a range of 46–58% RH, which well agreed with the theory proposed by Ge et al. The aqueous‐solid condition provided by sea salt deliquescence and crystallization may greatly enhance the heterogeneous chemical reactions in atmosphere. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multistimuli responsive amphiphilic graft poly(ether amine): Synthesis,characterization, and self‐assembly in aqueous solution

We reported that multiresponsive amphiphilic graft poly(ether amine)s (agPEAs) comprised of hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and hydrophobic octadecyl alkyl chain as side‐chain were prepared through one‐pot synthesis. In aqueous solution, these obtained agPEAs can self‐assemble into stable nanomicelles, whose aggregation can be controlled by temperature, pH, and ionic strength with tunable cloud point (CP). In the presence of these obtained agPEAs, hydrophobic dye Nile red can be dispersed into aqueous solution and hydrophilic dye methyl orange can be dispersed into nonpolar toluene. The agPEAs are expected to be potential in application such as encapsulation and controlled release of drugs, due to their simple synthesis, amphiphilicity, and multistimuli response. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 327–335, 2010     

An atomic electronegative distance vector and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts of alcohols and alkanes

A novel atomic electronegative distance vector (AEDV) has been developed to express the chemical environment of various chemically equivalent carbon atoms in alcohols and alkanes. Combining AEDV and Y parameter, four five-parameter linear relationship equations of chemical shift for four types of carbon atoms are created by using multiple linear regression. Correlation coefficients are R = 0.9887, 0.9972, 0.9978 and 0.9968 and roots of mean square error are RMS = 0.906, 0. 821, 1.091 and 1.091 of four types of carbons, i.e., type 1, 2, 3, and 4 for primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbons, respectively. The stability and prediction capacity for external samples of four models have been tested by cross-validation.     

Designing Hopf limit circle to dynamical systems via modified projective synchronization

In order to affirmatively utilize the characteristics of Hopf limit circle, a control method to design Hopf circle with proper characteristics into dynamical system is established based on the modified projective synchronization (MPS). The proposed method may serve as a complete solution to design a stable Hopf limit circle, which can simultaneously achieve the following three properties: with the desired amplitudes and shape changes, with the pre-specified location center, and at a pre-specified system parameter location. In contrast to the methods based on Hopf bifurcation theory, the new method is independent of the verbose procedures for the bifurcation critical conditions and the stability analysis. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

会聚球面波曲率半径的精确测量

本文提出了一种特殊情况下的准菲涅耳衍射近似处理方法,报道了一种利用全息光栅精确测量会聚激光球面波曲率半径的新方法并分析了测量误差。这种方法具有精度高、测量方便、仪器设备简单等优点,从而为高精度全息透镜、凹面全息光栅的制造等提供了可靠的保证。     

腌肉制品发色剂的研究

腌肉制品发色剂历来均用硝盐,但最近发现亚硝基对人体健康有害。我们采用GDL为主作香肠的发色剂,发色效果理想,有一定实用价值。     

自由面被烧蚀磁驱动飞片的数值模拟

为了理解磁驱动飞片自由面烧蚀的机理、自由面被烧蚀后飞片的物质状态、自由面被烧蚀后激光速度干涉仪(VISAR)测量的机理等,采用磁驱动数值模拟程序MDSC2对聚龙一号装置上PTS-151发次磁驱动飞片实验中370 m厚飞片进行了模拟和分析。数值模拟表明,334 ns之前飞片自由面部分保持固体状态,334 ns之后飞片自由面部分已经熔化,到340 ns后整个飞片都被熔化。飞片自由面烧蚀的主要机制是电流焦耳加热,热扩散和压缩做功的贡献很小。数值模拟的固体密度反射面速度历史和VISAR测量的速度历史一致。飞片自由面熔化后,VISAR测量的速度是距离自由面最近的固体密度反射面的速度。