Solid phase synthesis of benzamidine-derived sulfonamide libraries

Using solid phase synthesis, a library has been constructed of benzamidine-derived sulfonamides which have strong inhibitory activity against blood coagulant thrombin. The library compounds were obtained in good yield and high purity. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Search for solar <Emphasis Type="Italic">pp</Emphasis> neutrinos with an upgrade of CTF detector

The possibility of using ultrapure liquid organic scintillator as a low-energy solar neutrino detector is discussed. The detector with an active volume of 10 t and 4π coverage will count 1.8 pp neutrinos and 5.4 ⁷Be neutrinos per day with an energy threshold of 170 keV for the recoil electrons. The evaluation of the detector sensitivity and backgrounds is based on the results obtained by the Borexino collaboration with the Counting Test Facility (CTF). The detector can be build at the LNGS underground laboratory as an upgrade of the CTF detector using already developed technologies.     

Development of a Millimeter Wave Compact Equipment for NDT of Materials

We developed a compact equipment working at 94 GHz to replace the commonly used network analyzer for nondestructive testing of materials. The compact equipment was designed to measure the variations in the amplitude and phase of the reflected signal from the material relative to a reference signal. A good accuracy of the amplitude and phase measurement of the equipment was obtained in the confirmative experiments. The distribution of a drop of water in a wood plate is clearly visible in the millimeter wave images obtained by the amplitude and phase measurement.     

单个激光二极管对称侧向抽运的固体激光器

采用一种半导体激光器侧向抽运的固体激光器新结构，可将一个半导体激光器的输出光分成四部分，从四面对称耦合到激光棒中，从而实现比较均匀的抽运。模拟计算了这种对称抽运结构中激光棒对侧面抽运光的吸收过程，得到了激光棒介质的吸收系数和直径等参量对激光棒内抽运光能量分布均匀性和能量吸收率的影响规律，并在此基础上对相关参量进行了优化。这种方案结构简单紧凑，很容易获得高光束质量的高功率固体激光输出。采用这种抽运结构制成了新颖的激光头，初步实验结果良好，表明该结构确实可行。     

The effect of hydrogen addition on flammability limit and NOx emission in ultra-lean counterflow CH4/air premixed flames

The effect of hydrogen addition to ultra lean counterflow CH₄/air premixed flames on the extinction limits and the characteristics of NO_x emission was investigated by numerical simulation. Detailed chemistry and complex thermal and transport properties were employed. The results show that the addition of hydrogen can significantly enlarge the flammable region and extend the flammability limit to lower equivalence ratios. If the equivalence ratio is kept constant, the addition of hydrogen increases the emission of NO in a flame due to the enhancement in the rate of the NNH or N₂O intermediate NO formation routes. The addition of hydrogen causes a monotonic decrease in the formation of NO₂ and N₂O, except flames near the extinction limits, where the emission of NO₂ and N₂O first increases, and then decreases with the increase in the fraction of hydrogen. Overall, hydrogen enrichment technology allows stable combustion under ultra lean conditions, resulting in significant CO₂ and NO emission reduction.     

Theoretical and experimental studies on mesoscale flame propagation and extinction

Mesoscale flame propagation and extinction of premixed flames in channels are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Emphasis is placed on the effect of wall heat loss and the wall–flame interaction via heat recirculation. At first, an analytical solution of flame speed in mesoscale channels is obtained. The results showed that channel width, flow velocity, and wall thermal properties have dramatic effects on the flame propagation and lead to multiple flame regimes and extinction limits. With the decrease in channel width, there exist two distinct flame regimes, a fast burning regime and a slow burning regime. The existence of the new flame regime and its extended flammability limit render the classical quenching diameter inapplicable. Furthermore, the results showed that at optimum conditions of flow velocity and wall thermal properties, mesoscale flames can propagate faster than the adiabatic flame. Second, numerical simulation with detailed chemistry demonstrated the existence of multiple flame regimes. The results also showed that there is a non-linear dependence of the flame speed on equivalence ratio. Moreover, it is shown that the Nusselt number has a significant impact on this non-linear dependence. Finally, the non-linear dependence of flame speed on equivalence ratio for both flame regimes is measured using a C₃H₈–air mixture. The results are in good agreement with the theory and numerical simulation.     

Lateral growth of aligned mutilwalled carbon nanotubes under electric field

In this work we report laterally aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) by an electric field during growth. The MWNTs were selectively grown between lateral sides of the catalytic metals on predefined electrodes by chemical-vapor deposition. The electric field distribution for various geometries was simulated using Maxwell 2D simulation in order to realize better alignment of laterally grown carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The experimental results show that the electric field direction at the vicinity of catalyst and nanotubes-substrate interactions are principal factor in aligning CNTs laterally.     

Ultrasonic investigation of amorphous carbon in various frequencies at low temperatures from 2.1 to 300 K

Using pulse echo overlap measurement, the elastic behavior of amorphous carbon has been studied at ambient and low temperatures. The smaller ratio B/G of the bulk modulus to shear modulus and smaller Poisson's ratio σ at room temperature indicate that there is an intrinsic stiffening of transverse acoustic phonons in the amorphous carbon. The acoustic velocity and attenuation for longitudinal modes have been measured between 2.1 and 300 K at three frequencies of 7, 21 and 35 MHz, respectively. Their frequency and temperature dependence are observed. The elastic constant C₁₁ increases with decreasing temperature and show enhanced stiffening at low temperatures. In the 130-220 K region, the abnormal change and effect of longitudinal velocity and attenuation with temperature and frequency, and a phase transition associated with structure relaxations are discussed.     

Tunable CW Tm,Ho:YLF laser at 2

A tunable continuous wave (CW) low temperature operating Tm (6 at.-%),Ho (0.6 at.-%):YLF laser pumped by fiber-coupled diode laser is reported. The maximum output power is 4.16 W at 2073 nm by use of 30% output coupling, the slope efficiency is 33%. A tuning range from 2049 to 2081 nm is achieved with a birefringent filter (BF). The factors that contribute to the output power and tuning range are discussed.     

S波段相对论速调管振荡器研究

介绍利用20 GW加速器二极管产生的电子束源,开展S波段相对论速调管振荡器(RKO)的理论设计、粒子模拟和实验研究的情况.该RKO采用3个紧密耦合的圆柱腔作为振荡腔,束流经过一段漂移管的群聚后采用三轴输出腔提取微波.该振荡器具有起振时间快、结构紧凑、束波转换效率较高等优点.采用无箔空心阴极和0.9 T的恒流源磁场引出的电压1 MV、束流13kA、脉宽40 ns的环形电子束驱动RKO,单次运行输出了3.5 GW的辐射微波功率,效率27％,频率2.86 GHz,瞬时带宽2%;脉冲重复频率20 Hz运行时,输出 关键词： 相对论速调管 振荡器 三轴提取腔 高功率微波