光电效应测普朗克常数新数据处理方法

针对光电效应测普朗克常数实验的数据处理,作者在总结了现有方法的基础上提出了一种新的方法:分段曲线拟合交点法.对测量的数据分为两段拟合,将截止电压左边近似拟合为一次函数:I=a0 +a1U,截止电压右边近似拟合为指数函数和一次函数之和的形式:I=b0+b1U+b2eb3U+b4,用SPSS和Matlab软件对测量的数据进行处理,拟合得到两个函数,利用这两个函数求出分段曲线的交点,即为截止电压,再求得普朗克常数.并将该方法得到的结果与其他方法做了对比,表明分段曲线拟合交点法有明显优点.     

Phase stabilization in nitrogen-implanted nanocrystalline cubic zirconia

The phase stability of nanocrystallites with metastable crystal structures under ambient conditions is usually attributed to their small grain size. It remains a challenging problem to maintain such phase integrity of these nanomaterials when their crystallite sizes become larger. Here we report an experimental-modelling approach to study the roles of nitrogen dopants in the formation and stabilization of cubic ZrO(2) nanocrystalline films. Mixed nitrogen and argon ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) was applied to produce nitrogen-implanted cubic ZrO(2) nanocrystallites with grain sizes of 8-13 nm. Upon thermal annealing, the atomic structure of these ZrO(2) films was observed to evolve from a cubic phase, to a tetragonal phase and then a monoclinic phase. Our X-ray absorption near edge structure study on the annealed samples together with first-principle modelling revealed the significance of the interstitial nitrogen in the phase stabilization of nitrogen implanted cubic ZrO(2) crystallites via the soft mode hardening mechanism.     

Engineering of Nucleic Acids and Synthetic Cofactors as Holo Sensors for Probing Signaling Molecules in the Cellular Membrane Microenvironment

The comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interaction of cells with their membrane microenvironment is of great value for fundamental biological research; however, tracking biomolecules on cell surfaces with high temporal and spatial resolution remains a challenge. Herein, a modular strategy is presented for the construction of cell surface DNA‐based sensors by engineering DNA motifs and synthetic cofactors. In this strategy, a stimuli‐reactive organic molecule is employed as the cofactor for the DNA motif, and the self‐assembly of them forms a FRET‐based holo DNA‐based sensor. With the use of the DNA‐based sensors, the versatility of this modular strategy has been demonstrated in the ratiometric imaging of the cellular extrusion process of endogenous signaling molecules, including sulfur dioxide derivatives and nitric oxide.     

Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations study on initial decompositions of β‐HMX at high temperature coupled with high pressures

We performed ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to investigate initial decomposition mechanisms and subsequent chemical processes of β‐HMX (cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine) (octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine) crystals at high temperature coupled with high pressures. It was found that the initial decomposition step is the simultaneous C–H and N–NO₂ bond cleavage at 3,500 K. When the pressure (1–10 GPa) is applied, the first reaction steps are primarily the C–N and C–H bond fission at 3,500 K. The C–H bond cleavage is a triggering decomposition step of the HMX crystals at 3,500 K coupled with 16 GPa. This indicates that the C–H bonds are much easier to be broken and the hydrogen radicals are much more active. The applied pressures (1–10 GPa) accelerate the decompositions of HMX at 3,500 K. The decomposition pathways and time evolution of the main chemical species demonstrate that the temperature is the foremost factor that affects the decomposition at high pressures (1–10 GPa). However, the decomposition of HMX is dependent on both the temperature (3,500 K) and the pressure (16 GPa). This work will enrich the knowledge of the decompositions of condensed energetic materials under extreme conditions.     

Banach space structure of weighted Fock-Sobolev spaces

We discuss the Banach space structure of the fractional order weighted Fock-Sobolev spaces F _α,s ^p , mainly include giving some growth estimates for Fock-Sobolev functions and approximating them by a sequence of ‘nice’ functions in two different ways.     

席夫碱铁-TiO2复合物光催化降解有毒有机污染物

运用化学合成方法制备了双(5-磺酸钠水杨醛)邻苯二胺席夫碱[N,N -Bis-schiff-base-5-sulfonate-salicylalidene- o-phenylenediamine sodium, SSPA]铁(III)配合物(FeSSPA), 采用无机钛盐醇解法制备了席夫碱铁-TiO₂复合物催化剂(FeSSPA-TiO₂). 通过紫外-可见反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、透射电镜(TEM)对制备催化剂进行了表征. 利用FeSSPA-TiO₂可见光(λ＞420 nm)激发活化分子氧降解有机染料罗丹明B (Rhodamine B, RhB)、无色小分子2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-Dichlorophenol, 2,4-DCP)及水杨酸(Salicylic acid, SA), 研究了FeSSPA-TiO₂的光催化性能. 结果表明, FeSSPA-TiO₂光催化剂在pH 6.7, 可见光照射条件下, 80 min RhB褪色率达到100%, 20 h小分子2,4-DCP, SA的降解率分别达到67%, 100%. 在实验条件下, 33 h对RhB矿化率达到70.5%. 通过反应过程中氧化物种的测定, 发现降解过程主要涉及超氧自由基( )的氧化机理.     

钙钛矿型稀土镓酸盐的光谱性质

本文得到LaGaO3晶体室温下的激发光谱和荧光光谱,发现LaGaO3晶体能够产生可见荧光,并且荧光谱线比粉末状LaGaO3变窄.测定了室温下LnGaO3(Ln=La,Pr,Na)晶体的吸收光谱,对红外吸收光谱给出了理论点阵振动数目和对称类型,研究了晶体经退火处理对吸收光谱的影响.对粉末状 LaGaO3:Ln(Ln=Ce,Sm,Tb)研究了合成温度及掺杂稀土离子浓度对光谱结构的影响.     

磷酸三甲酯三（磷酸二甲酯）合镧的合成与结构研究

(RO)_2PO_2H型酸性磷酸醋由于含有多个可与金属配位的氧原子,可以和金属离子形成多种形式且结构特殊的配合物。作为一类重要的萃取剂,对酸性磷酸酯配合物的研究有助于了解萃取的规律和机理。虽然这类配合物的合成及结构已有报道,但最基本的磷酸二甲酯与金属离子配合物的结构未见报道。本工作首次合成了标题化合物,测定了它的红外光谱和单晶结构。现将结果简报如下。