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21.
The mass spectra of 10 isomeric trimethylcyclohexanes and six cis–trans isomeric 1,2,3,5-tetramethylcyclohexanes are discussed. The thermochemically stable isomers show a higher abundance of the [M? CH3]+ ions and a lower abundance of the [M? C2H5]+ ions than the strained isomers. The log of the intensity ratio for loss of methyl and ethyl from the molecular ions correlates well with the strain energies and with the mean number of gauche arrangements of the stereoisomers. 相似文献
22.
Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy was used to quantify rapidly the ethanol (34-49% v/v), propylene glycol (20-35% v/v) and water (11-20% m/m) contents within a multi-component pharmaceutical oral liquid by measurement directly through the amber plastic bottle packaging. Spectra were collected in the range 7302-12,000 cm-1 and calibration models set-up using partial least-squares regression (PLSR) and multiple linear regression. Reference values for the three components were measured using capillary gas chromatography (ethanol and propylene glycol) and Karl Fischer (water) assay procedures. The calibration and test sets consisted of production as well as laboratory batches that were made to extend the concentration ranges beyond the natural production variation. The PLSR models developed gave standard errors of prediction (SEP) of 1.1% v/v for ethanol, 0.9% v/v for propylene glycol and 0.3% m/m for water. For each component the calibration model was validated in terms of: linearity, repeatability, intermediate precision and robustness. All the methods produced statistically favourable outcomes. Ten production batches independent of the calibration and test sets were also challenged against the PLSR models, giving SEP values of 1.3% v/v (ethanol), 1.0% v/v (propylene glycol) and 0.2% m/m (water). NIR transmission spectroscopy allowed all three liquid constituents to be non-invasively measured in under 1 min. 相似文献
23.
Molybdenum-95 NMR spectra have been measured for a selection of molybdenum carbonyl compounds and Mo(Σ-C5H5)(η-C5H5)(NO)(S2CNMe2). A chemical shift range of more than 1500 ppm is found. The chemical shifts and linewidths are discussed. 相似文献
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C. Illgner K. -P. Lieb P. Schaaf H. Köster K. Mann G. Marowsky 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1996,62(3):231-236
Laser nitriding of Armco iron in nitrogen was studied for KrF-excimer-laser irradiation. The influence of the energy density and number of pulses on the nitrogen take-up and the nitride phases formed was investigated using Resonant Nuclear Reaction Analysis (RNRA) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Besides the original a-iron, austenite-Fe(N), martensite-Fe(N),-Fe2+N, and-Fe16N2 were identified. The fraction of the e-phase was found to increase with the number of pulses and the energy density. A threshold energy density of 1.8(2) J/cm2 for the laser nitriding process was found. 相似文献
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It is known that one-dimensional lattice problems with a discrete, finite set of states per site generically have periodic ground states (GSs). We consider slightly less generic cases, in which the Hamiltonian is constrained by either spin (S) or spatial (I) inversion symmetry (or both). We show that such constraints give rise to the possibility ofdisordered GSs over a finite fraction of the coupling-parameter space—that is, without invoking any nongeneric fine tuning of coupling constants, beyond that arising from symmetry. We find that such disordered GSs can arise for many values of the number of statesk at each site and the ranger of the interaction. The Ising (k=2) case is the least prone to disorder:I symmetry allows for disordered GSs (without fine tuning) only forr5, whileS symmetry never gives rise to disordered GSs. 相似文献