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151.
Donald D. Gray 《Applied Scientific Research》1977,33(5-6):437-457
The dynamics of a buoyant plume rising above a horizontal line heat source in a transverse, horizontal magnetic field is investigated.
Similarity is shown to occur when the magnetic field strength varies as the −2/5 power of vertical distance from the source.
The plume depends on two parameters — the Prandtl number (Pr) and the Lykoudis number (Z
L). Families of exact closed form solutions are derived for Pr=5/9 and Pr≥2. A family of numerical integrations for Pr=0.01 (typical of liquid metals) is also reported. The magnetic field is shown to affect the profiles of velocity and temperature
by altering the similarity functions, the coefficients, and the value of the independent similarity variable corresponding
to a fixed physical position. An approximate closed form solution valid for low Pr and high Z
L is presented. Possible experimental tests of the theory are proposed.
Research sponsored by the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration under interagency agreement with Union Carbide
Corporation. 相似文献
152.
Reversible Modulation of Surface Plasmons in Gold Nanoparticles Enabled by Surface Redox Chemistry
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Dr. Zheng Li Dr. Jonathan J. Foley IV Dr. Sheng Peng Dr. Cheng‐Jun Sun Dr. Yang Ren Dr. Gary P. Wiederrecht Dr. Stephen K. Gray Dr. Yugang Sun 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(31):8948-8951
Switchable surface redox chemistry is demonstrated in gold@iron/iron oxide core–shell nanoparticles with ambient oxidation and plasmon‐mediated reduction to modulate the oxidation state of shell layers. The iron shell can be oxidized to iron oxide through ambient oxidation, leading to an enhancement and red‐shift of the gold surface plasmon resonance (SPR). This enhanced gold SPR can drive reduction of the iron oxide shell under broadband illumination to reversibly blue‐shift and significantly dampen gold SPR absorption. The observed phenomena provide a unique mechanism for controlling the plasmonic properties and surface chemistry of small metal nanoparticles. 相似文献
153.
π‐Expanded α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones: Synthesis,Optical Properties,and Two‐Photon‐Induced Polymerization
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Rashid Nazir Dr. Florent Bourquard Evaldas Balčiūnas Dr. Sabina Smoleń Dr. David Gray Prof. Dr. Nikolai V. Tkachenko Dr. Maria Farsari Prof. Dr. Daniel T. Gryko 《Chemphyschem》2015,16(3):682-690
A library of π‐expanded α,β‐unsaturated ketones was designed and synthesized. They were prepared by a combination of Wittig reaction, Sonogashira reaction, and aldol condensation. It was further demonstrated that the double aldol condensation can be performed effectively for highly polarized styrene‐ and diphenylacetylene‐derived aldehydes. The strategic placement of two dialkylamino groups at the periphery of D ‐π‐A‐π‐D molecules resulted in dyes with excellent solubility. These ketones absorb light in the region 400–550 nm. Many of them display strong solvatochromism so that the emission ranges from 530–580 nm in toluene to the near‐IR region in benzonitrile. Ketones based on cyclobutanone as central moieties display very high fluorescence quantum yields in nonpolar solvents, which decrease drastically in polar media. Photophysical studies of these new functional dyes revealed that they possess an enhanced two‐photon absorption cross section when compared with simpler ketone derivatives. Due to strong polarization of the resulting dyes, values of two‐photon absorption cross sections on the level of 200–300 GM at 800 nm were achieved, and thanks to that as well as the presence of the keto group, these new two‐photon initiators display excellent performance so that the operating region is 5–75 mW in some cases. 相似文献
154.
Tiffany Abitbol Heera S. Marway Stephanie A. Kedzior Xuan Yang Anne Franey Derek G. Gray Emily D. Cranston 《Cellulose (London, England)》2017,24(3):1287-1293
Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were decorated with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) using a carbodiimide chemistry coupling approach. The one-step covalent modification was supported by nanoscale imaging, which showed QDs clustered on and around the CNCs after coupling. The QD–CNC hybrid nanoparticles remained colloidally stable in aqueous suspension and were fluorescent, exhibiting the broad excitation and narrow emission profile characteristic of the QDs. QD–CNCs in nanocomposite films imparted strong fluorescence within CNC-compatible matrices at relatively low loadings (0.15 nmol QDs/g of dry film), without altering the overall physical properties or self-assembly of the CNCs. The hybrid QD–CNCs may find applications in nanoparticle tracking, bio-imaging, optical/sensing devices, and anti-counterfeit technologies. 相似文献
155.
An investigation of thermal cracks observed in the wheels of certain electric multiple unit (EMU) locomotives in North American commuter rail service is summarized. The cause is found to be partial reversal of the wheel rim residual hoop stress, which is initially compressive from the manufacturer's quench treatment. The residual stress reversal is caused by thermal stresses during high performance stop braking. Crack propagation and failure mechanisms are summarized. Measures for prevention are discussed. 相似文献
156.
157.
Arylspiroborates Derived from 4‐tert‐Butylcatechol and 3,5‐Di‐tert‐butylcatechol and Their Antimicrobial Activities
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Michael I. Webb Nathan R. Halcovitch Eric G. Bowes Graham M. Lee Michael J. Geier Christopher M. Vogels Taryn O'Neill Haoxin Li Andrew Flewelling Andreas Decken Christopher A. Gray Stephen A. Westcott 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》2014,51(1):157-161
A family of arylspiroborates has been prepared by the addition of either 4‐tert‐butylcatechol or 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol to boric acid and an alkali metal hydroxide. All compounds were characterized fully using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and by elemental analyses. A single crystal X‐ray diffraction was carried out on potassium (bis‐(3,5‐di‐tertbutyl[1,2‐benzenediolato(2‐)‐O,O′]borate)) ( 8 ). All compounds displayed appreciable anti‐microbial activities. 相似文献
158.
Robilotto TJ Alt DS von Recum HA Gray TG 《Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)》2011,40(32):8083-8085
A series of four dendrimers end-functionalized with gold(I) has been prepared from alkyne-terminated precursors and (tricyclohexylphosphine)gold(I) azide. Isolated yields range from 84-89%, based on gold. The first-generation dendrimer is cytotoxic toward 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. Apoptosis ensues within 6 h of treatment with gold(I). 相似文献
159.
Schroeder M Hogwood J Gray E Mulloy B Hackett AM Johansen KB 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2011,399(2):763-771
Protamine sulphate is an effective inhibitor of heparin and is used clinically to neutralise both low molecular weight heparins
(LMWH) and unfractionated heparin (UFH). However, protamine sulphate does not fully counter the anti-Xa effect of LMWH, even
in excess (>40 μg to 1 IU/ml). To investigate the molecular basis for this observation, the residual potencies in the presence
and absence of plasma as well as the molecular weight profiles of commercial LMWH neutralised with increasing amounts of protamine
were measured. Materials over 5000 Da are preferentially neutralised by protamine. To further investigate this molecular weight
dependence, monodisperse oligosaccharides were prepared from three commercial LMWHs. The specific anti-Xa activity for the
fractions increased with molecular weight, and was found to vary between the three preparations for oligosaccharides of the
same molecular weight. Our results indicate that protamine sulphate neutralisation is largely dependent on molecular weight,
leading to the implication that LMWHs containing a larger proportion of small oligosaccharides will not be as effectively
neutralised. Protamine sulphate neutralisation of any given LMWH is also affected by the specific anticoagulant activities
of its low molecular weight components, which varies between LMWH products, presumably with the method of manufacture. 相似文献
160.
Almost sure exponential stability of backward Euler-Maruyama discretizations for hybrid stochastic differential equations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xuerong Mao Yi ShenAlison Gray 《Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics》2011,235(5):1213-1226
This is a continuation of the first author’s earlier paper [1] jointly with Pang and Deng, in which the authors established some sufficient conditions under which the Euler-Maruyama (EM) method can reproduce the almost sure exponential stability of the test hybrid SDEs. The key condition imposed in [1] is the global Lipschitz condition. However, we will show in this paper that without this global Lipschitz condition the EM method may not preserve the almost sure exponential stability. We will then show that the backward EM method can capture the almost sure exponential stability for a certain class of highly nonlinear hybrid SDEs. 相似文献