Dual Fluctuation–Dissipation Relationships between Tri- and Bispectra of the Brownian Motion

A fluctuation–dissipation analysis of nonlinear noise accompanying Brownian motion (BM) in electric systems is carried out. It is shown that, for symmetrical BM, there exists a linear set of dual fluctuation–dissipation relationships linking an equilibrium trispectrum to a derivative of a bispectrum with respect to a direct electric current (or voltage), taken at equilibrium. Analysis of an electrochemical model of BM in the form of a symmetrical slow discharge yields a proportionality coefficient.     

The Potential of Parsley Polyphenols and Their Antioxidant Capacity to Help in the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety: An In Vivo Subacute Study

Depression and anxiety are major mental health problems in all parts of the world. These illnesses are associated with a number of risk factors, including oxidative stress. Psychotropic drugs of a chemical nature have demonstrated several side effects that elevated the impact of those illnesses. Faced with this situation, natural products appear to be a promising alternative. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of the Petroselinum sativum polyphenols in vivo, as well as its correlated antioxidant properties in vitro. Anxiolytic activity of the extract (50 and 100 mg/kg) was evaluated using the open field and the light-dark chamber tests, while the antidepressant activity was evaluated using the forced swimming test. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical test and the FRAP (iron-reducing capacity) test. The phenolic extract showed very powerful anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects, especially at a dose of 100 mg/kg, decreasing the depressive behavior in mice (decreased immobility time) and also the anxiolytic behavior (tendency for discovery in the center and illuminated areas) better even than those of paroxetine and bromazepam (classic drugs) concomitant with those results the extract also showed an important antioxidant capacity. These preliminary results suggest that Petroselinum sativum exhibits anxiolytic and antidepressant potential for use as a complement or independent phytomedicine to treat depression and anxiety.     

Theory of the first encounter with the boundary by a stochastic diffusion process in an equilibrium electrochemical <Emphasis Type="Italic">RC</Emphasis>-circuit

The methodology of electrochemial impedance is used for finding the characteristic function of the random time of the first encounter with the boundary by a process of electrochemical stochastic diffusion in an equilibrium ac circuit containing a double layer capacitance and a noisy charge-transfer resistance. The Nyquist diagram of the characteristic function suggests that the method of the first random encounter with the boundary by electrochemical stochastic diffusion may prove to be useful in the noise diagnosis of objects and devices of electrochemical power engineering and also in comparative studies of electrochemical corrosion processes.     

Stable Carbenes as Structural Components of Partially Saturated Sulfur-Containing Heterocycles

Recently, an unusual elongation of the C-S bond was observed experimentally for some sulfur-containing heterocycles. Using a superior ab initio (SCS-MP2/cc-pVTZ) level of theory, we showed that the phenomenon can be explained by a contribution of a donor–acceptor adduct of a carbene with an unsaturated ligand. One may achieve further elongation of the C-S bond, eventually turning it to a coordinate one, by increasing the stability of each part of the system as, e.g., in the utmost case of spiro adducts with Arduengo carbenes. The effect of carbene stability was quantified by employing the isodesmic reactions of carbene exchange.     

On the applying of fluctuation theorems to the theory of slow discharge in galvanostatic regime

Expressions for the equation of slow discharge in galvanostatic regime are drawn, as power expansion with respect to overvoltage, in terms of the Bochkov-Kuzovlev and Jarzynski fluctuation theorems combined with the Stratonovich relations for nonlinear nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Coefficients of the expansion are linear functions of the intensities of cumulant correlation functions that characterize the electrode potential fluctuations.     

Simulation of detoxication processes on ideally polarizable porous carbon materials

The hemosorbents made of carbon materials, which are used for hemosorption detoxication, should be indifferent toward blood. Therefore, in the course of hemosorption, it is important to avoid the Faradaic processes, which can change the blood composition. The probability of Faradaic processes depends on the open-circuit potential of activated carbon. This dependence is studied by simulating the detoxication processes. In order to obtain various open-circuit potentials, which are reached after switching-off polarization, the adsorption of cupric ions and t-butanol on the preliminarily polarized hemosorbent (AG-3 activated carbon) is studied. The effective number of electrons, which are transferred in an elementary adsorption act, is determined. The conditions, under which the Faradaic process does or does not proceed, are found.     

Langevin dual equations for nonlinear multiports

It is shown that the Langevin equations for equilibrium nonlinear multiports comprise a set of dual matrix linear integral transforms, which link a matrix ensemble of noise short-circuit current realizations and that of noise open-circuit voltage realizations; the matrix kernel of each integral transform is entirely determined by linear characteristics of the nonlinear electrical multiport.     

Dynamics of lithium electrode passivation in aprotic organic electrolytes,studied by electrochemical noise method

Lithium electrode passivation is studied in different organic electrolytes, namely, 1 M LiClO₄ in 1,3-dioxolane, 1 M LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ in 1,3-dioxolane, 1 M LiPF₆ in an ethylene carbonate-diethyl carbonate mixture, 1 M LiPF₆ in an ethylene carbonate-dimethyl carbonate mixture, using the electrochemical noise method. The dynamics of passive film formation on the lithium surface in the mentioned electrolytes that differ in their corrosivity towards lithium is followed.