The influence of beam intensity on laser ablation quality and ablation size is experimentally studied on graphene-coated silicon/silicon dioxide substrates. With an amplified femtosecond-pulsed laser system, by systematically decreasing the average power, periodic stripes with decreasing widths are ablated. Histogram analyses of the untouched and ablated regions of scanning electron microscope images of the fabricated structures make it possible to quantify the ablation quality. These analyses reveal that submicron ablation can be achieved while maintaining 75 % ablation accuracy by adjusting the beam intensity around the ablation threshold. 相似文献
New benzo-15-crown-5 derivatives containing nitro, amine and imine groups were prepared. Nitro compound (1) was prepared after the reaction?4′,5′-bis(bromethyl)benzo-15-crown-5 and o-nitrophenol in the presence of NaOH. After reduction process by using hydrazine hydrate and Pd/C amine compound (2) was formed. New crown ether imine compounds (3–5) were synthesized by the condensation of corresponding crown ether diamine (2) with salicylaldehyde derivatives. Sodium complexes of the crown compounds (1a–5a) form crystalline 1:1 (Na+: ligand) complexes with sodium perchlorate. Nickel(II) complexes (3b–5b) with 1:1 (Ni2+:ligand) stoichiometries were also been synthesized from the Schiff bases (3–5). The results indicated that the Schiff base ligands coordinated through the azomethine nitrogen and phenolic oxygen. The extraction ability of compounds (1, 3, 4 and 5) were also evaluated in chloroform by using several alkali and transition metal picrates such as Li+, Na+, K+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+. 相似文献
A charged Yukawa liquid confined in a slit nanopore is studied in order to understand excluded volume effects in the interaction force between the pore walls. A previously developed self-consistent scheme [S. Buyukdagli, C. V. Achim, and T. Ala-Nissila, J. Stat. Mech. 2011, P05033] and a new simpler variational procedure that self-consistently couple image forces, surface charge induced electric field, and pore modified core interactions are used to this aim. For neutral pores, it is shown that with increasing pore size, the theory predicts a transition of the interplate pressure from an attractive to a strongly repulsive regime associated with an ionic packing state, an effect observed in previous Monte Carlo simulations for hard core charges. We also establish the mean-field theory of the model and show that for dielectrically homogeneous pores, the mean-field regime of the interaction between the walls corresponds to large pores of size d > 4 ?. The role of the range of core interactions in the ionic rejection and interplate pressure is thoroughly analyzed. We show that the physics of the system can be split into two screening regimes. The ionic packing effect takes place in the regime of moderately screened core interactions characterized with the bare screening parameter of the Yukawa potential b ? 3/l(B), where l(B) is the Bjerrum length. In the second regime of strongly screened core interactions b ? 3/l(B), solvation forces associated with these interactions positively contribute to the ionic rejection driven by electrostatic forces and enhance the magnitude of the attractive pressure. For weakly charged pores without a dielectric discontinuity, core interactions make a net repulsive contribution to the interplate force and also result in oscillatory pressure curves, whereas for intermediate surface charges, these interactions exclusively strengthen the external pressure, thereby reducing the magnitude of the net repulsive interplate force. The pronounced dependence of the interplate pressure and ionic partition coefficients on the magnitude and the range of core interactions indicates excluded volume effects as an important ion specificity and a non-negligible ingredient for the stability of macromolecules in electrolyte solutions. 相似文献
In this paper we show that shifts of finite type satisfying a strong topological mixing property are universal models for ergodic measure preserving dynamical systems. 相似文献
The primary purpose of this investigation is to observe the effect of the pitching motion on the vortical flow structure and bursting of leading-edge vortices over a delta wing under the sideslip angle, β using a dye visualization technique. In the current work, a delta wing with a sweep angle of Λ = 70° was oscillated in upstroke and downstroke direction to be able to discover the influence of pitching motion on the flow characteristics of the delta wing. The values of mean angles of attack were selected as αm = 25° and αm = 35°, and the sideslip angle was altered from β = 0 to 16°. The delta wing oscillated with the various periods of Te = 5 s, 20 s, and 60 s, respectively. Amplitude of motion was adjusted as αo = ± 5°. It is found that the pitching motion of the delta wing under the sideslip angle β varies the location of the vortex bursting and vortical flow structure substantially.
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - An experimental research was performed to examine the effect of hydrodynamically and thermally developing distilled water-based SiO $$_2$$ nanofluid... 相似文献
In the food industry, food spoilage is a real issue that can lead to a significant amount of waste. Although current preservation techniques are being applied to reduce the occurrence of spoilage microorganisms, the problem persists. Food spoilage yeast are part of this dilemma, with common spoilers such as Zygosaccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, Debaryomyces and Saccharomyces frequently encountered. Antimicrobial peptides derived from plants have risen in popularity due to their ability to reduce spoilage. This study examines the potential application of a synthetic defensin peptide derived from barley endosperm. Its inhibitory effect against common spoilage yeasts, its mechanisms of action (membrane permeabilisation and overproduction of reactive oxygen species), and its stability in different conditions were characterised. The safety of the peptide was evaluated through a haemolysis and cytotoxicity assay, and no adverse effects were found. Both assays were performed to understand the effect of the peptide if it were to be consumed. Its ability to be degraded by a digestive enzyme was also examined for its safety. Finally, the peptide was successfully applied to different beverages and maintained the same inhibitory effects in apple juice as was observed in the antiyeast assays, providing further support for its application in food preservation. 相似文献
Given a series-parallel queueing network topology with exponential servers of finite capacity, a systematic design methodology is presented that approximately solves the optimal routing and buffer space allocation problems within the network. The multi-objective stochastic nonlinear programming problem in integer variables is described and a two-stage iterative optimization procedure is presented which interconnects the routing and buffer space allocation problems. The algorithmic procedure couples the Expansion method, a decomposition method for computing performance measures in queueing networks with finite capacity, along with Powell's unconstrained optimization procedure which allocates the buffers and a multi-variable search procedure for determining the routing probabilities. The effectiveness and efficiency of the resulting two-stage design methodology is tested and evaluated in a series of experimental designs along with simulations of the network topologies. 相似文献