Austenite hardening during forward and reverse martensitic transformation

It is shown that residual austenite hardens unevenly during martensitic transformation. The austenite forming at the sites of martensite plates has a higher hardness level than the residual austenite; this austenite plays a vital part in the hardening of alloys by the phase hardening method.     

Zur mikrochromatographischen Bestimmung des Vitamin-C-Gehaltes

Zusammenfassung Eine Mikromethodik zur Bestimmung der Ascorbinsäure in Früchten und Gemüse wurde beschrieben, bei der dieses Vitamin papierchromatographisch isoliert wird. Als Laufmittel hat sich ein Gemisch von n-Butanol/Wasser (2 3) mit 2% Oxalsäure und einer Spur KCN zur Maskierung jener Schwermetalle bewährt, die die Oxydation der Ascorbinsäure katalysieren.Die Herstellung der Extrakte bzw. Preßsäfte unter schonenden Bedingungen sowie die Anreicherung des auf mehreren Streifen isolierten Vitamins werden beschrieben. Für die photometrische Bestimmung wird eine eigene Anreicherungsapparatur verwendet, die faserfreie Konzentrate liefert. Für die titrimetrische Methodik kann die Anreicherung des Vitamins durch einfache Extraktion der Papierabschnitte im Schliffspitzbecher mit 2%iger Oxalsäure erzielt werden, da die verbleibenden Filterpapierstückchen die Titration mit dem Tillmannsreagens eher erleichtern als stören. Eichkurven für die photometrische und die titrimetrische Mikromethodik zeigen den jeweiligen Anwendungsbereich.

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Summary A microprocedure is described for determining the ascorbic acid in fruits and vegetables, in which this vitamin is isolated chromatographically on several strips. The mobile phase consists of a mixture ofn-butanol/water (2 3) with 2% oxalic acid and a trace of KCN to mask those heavy metals that catalyze the oxidation of ascorbic acid.The preparation of the extracts or expressed juices under protective conditions and also the accumulation of the vitamin that has been isolated on several strips are described. An apparatus developed by us is employed for the photometric determination; it delivers fiber-free concentrates. For the titrimetric procedure, the accumulation of the vitamin can be accomplished through simple extraction of the paper sections with 2% oxalic acid in the conical beaker, because the residual filter paper fragments facilitate rather than hinder the titration with the Tillmann reagent. Calibration curves for the photometric and the titrimetric micro procedure show the particular application range.

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Herrn Prof. Dr.Hans Lieb zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Über Hefelipase

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Nonlinear interaction and reflection of incoherent light beams

The interaction dynamics between two incoherent light beams in a medium with thermal nonlin-earity is studied both experimentally and theoretically. It is shown that in the mode of a nonlinear reflection the transformation of a spatial structure of a weak signal beam can be theoretically described in the framework of a spatially distributed model for a nonlinear change in the refractive index of the medium.     

One-dimensional polariton solitons and soliton waveguiding in microcavities

We extend our recent results [O.A. Egorov et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 153904 (2009)] on half-light–half-matter polariton solitons in planar semiconductor microcavities operating in the strong coupling regime. We initiate discussion on the structure of the solitons in the momentum space and its link to the instability of the upper branch of the polariton bistability loop. Numerical results showing the soliton excitation by a seed pulse are presented.     

Optical ratchets with discrete cavity solitons

We propose a setup to observe soliton ratchet effects using discrete cavity solitons in a 1D array of coupled waveguide optical resonators. The net motion of solitons can be generated by an adiabatic shaking of the holding beam with zero average inclination angle. The resulting soliton velocity can be controlled by different parameters of the holding beam.     

Light scattering by a finite obstacle and fano resonances

The conditions for observing Fano resonances at elastic light scattering by a single finite-size obstacle are discussed. General arguments are illustrated by consideration of the scattering by a small (relative to the incident light wavelength) spherical obstacle based upon the exact Mie solution of the diffraction problem. The most attention is paid to recently discovered anomalous scattering. An exactly solvable one-dimentional discrete model with nonlocal coupling for simulating diffraction in wave scattering in systems with reduced spatial dimensionality is also introduced and analyzed. Deep connections between the resonances in the continuous and discrete systems are revealed.