Barus effect in polymer flows through cylindrical and flat dies

The determination of the swell factor of a polymer jet extruded from a cylindrical or flat die is examined. Relations are obtained for the dependence of the swell factor on shear rate and shear stress, expressed in terms of the constants of the rheological model.Scientific Research Institute of Plastics, Moscow. Kiev Polytechnic Institute. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 3, pp. 487–492, May–June, 1976.     

Specific Features of Finite Mixtures of Normal Distributions

Properties of finite mixtures of normal distributions are considered. Their behavioral similarities and differences relative to normal distributions are studied. A practical application of finite mixtures of normal distributions for the simulating the noise of neurophysiological signals is described. It is shown that the Aitken estimate can be used for the source amplitudes in the considered model.     

Aqueous and nonaqueous lithium-air batteries enabled by water-stable lithium metal electrodes

The extremely high theoretical energy density of the lithium-oxygen couple makes it very attractive for next-generation battery development. However, there are a number of challenging technical hurdles that must be addressed for Li-Air batteries to become a commercial reality. In this article, we demonstrate how the invention of water-stable, solid electrolyte-protected lithium electrodes solves many of these issues and paves the way for the development of aqueous and nonaqueous Li-Air batteries with unprecedented energy densities. We also show data for fully packaged Li-Air cells that achieve more than 800 Wh/kg.     

Some aspects of the registration of low-frequency impulse signals in air using a complex receiving system

The specific features of the formation of impulse acoustic and seismic signals, as well as their propagation to relatively short distances under various conditions of their excitation, based on the registration of consistent data on a pressure field and an oscillation speed field are discussed. It is shown that the “delayed” character of the signals, especially at low exit angles of projectiles, is due to the intense interaction of a wave excited by a shot with the ground and to multiple reflections of the signals. The use of signals registered by the channels of a vector receiver makes it possible to obtain information on the spatial distribution of the signals. When a projectile bursts in air, the sound wave that is incident on the land surface induces a seismoacoustic wave that is first registered by channels of a combined receiving unit (CRU).     

Study of phonon polaritons in GaAs/GaPAs superlattices using methods of IR reflection spectroscopy

We studied phonon-polariton modes in long-period GaAs/GaPAs semiconductor superlattices using the methods of frustrated total internal reflection and IR spectroscopy in the region of residual rays. The excitation of waveguide, real, and virtual surface and volume phonon polariton modes was observed experimentally. Their dispersion relations were calculated and compared with experimental data, and the excitation nature was identified with the aid of the spectra of permittivity and a normal component of the wave vector in heterostructure layers. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 4, pp. 460–466, July–August, 1999.