Field evaporation and field desorption from HTSC single-crystal surfaces

The problems of field evaporation (FE) and field desorption (FD) from surface of oxide high-temperature superconductors (HTSC) of 123, 2212 and 2223 type are discussed. Wide-angle atom probe, usual time-of-flight atom probe and field ionization magnet mass-spectrometer have been used in these experiments. The main purpose of the investigation was to search for effects connected with phase transition. Therefore, the experiments were carried out over a wide range of temperatures: from T of solid nitrogen to room T.

Composition of pure, contaminated and deep corroded surface and typical species of FE and FD spectra have been studied. The bond energies between some atoms (or clusters) and the surface have been estimated on the basis of experimental results and FE theory. From these estimations, and from discovering of correlated ion pairs, it was concluded that the redistribution of local bonds should be taken into consideration in this case. The increase of FE rate was observed at cryogenic temperatures. Various versions are discussed to explain these effects. Some of them are connected with phase transition.

A detailed study of FD of water protonized clusters is performed and the catalytic activity of HTSC crystal surfaces is discussed.     

Matrix Lax Polynomials, Geometry of Prym Varieties and Systems of Hess–Appel’rot Type

We consider a four-dimensional generalization of Hess–Appel’rot system and costruct its Lax pair. Both classical and algebro-geometric integration procedure are proceeded. The algebro-geometric integration is based on deep facts from geometry of Prym varieties such as the Mumford relation and Mumford-Dalalyan theory. The integration is similar to the integration of Lagrange bitop which has recetly been performed by the authors.     

Polynomial expansion of basis sets: Alternatives to fully optimized exponents

Alternatives based on polynomial expansions of gaussian basis set exponents are introduced and evaluated. The formulas presented here outperform methods based upon the even-tempered formula or combinations of it. They closely match the performance of other methods based upon larger polynomial expansions of the logarithm of the exponents using the same or one less parameter per orbital angular symmetry.     

The Method of Virtual Experts in Mathematical Diagnostics

Mathematical Diagnostics (MD) deals with identification problems arising in different practical areas. Some of these problems can be described by mathematical models where it is required to identify points belonging to two or more sets of points. Most of the existing tools provide some identification rule (a classifier) by means of which a given point is assigned (attributed) to one of the given sets. Each classifier can be viewed as a virtual expert. If there exist several classifiers (experts), the problem of evaluation of experts’ conclusions arises. In the paper for the case of supervised classification the method of virtual experts (the VE-method) is described. Based on this method, a generalized VE method is proposed where each of the classifiers can be chosen from a given family of classifiers. As a result, a new optimization problem with a discontinuous functional is stated. Examples illustrating the proposed approach are provided. The work of the second author was supported by the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Studies (RFFI) under Grant No 03-01-00668.     

Erbium:YAG (2.94 mum) laser effects on dental tissues

Past trials with soft and calcified tissues have demonstrated that long pulse train (2.5 mus) Er:YAG (2.94 mum) laser may be used to ablate tooth structure of human teeth. Determination of physical and thermal damage to surrounding tissue during removal of enamel and dentin is a primary objective of this study. Extracted human teeth with thermal probes imbedded in the pulp chambers were submitted to cavity preparation using an Erbium YAG laser with water mist. Wavelength selection as well as use of a water mist during the procedure resulted in efficient tissue removal without significant surrounding damage. Ground sections and SEM sections of teeth showed little or no melting or ash formation in adjacent dentin and enamel and no visible change in the pulp chamber. The surfaces produced by laser ablation were rough and irregular with craters and grooves. Average temperature change in the pulp chamber monitored during tooth preparation was 2.2 degrees Centigrade. These findings suggest that constantly available water aids vaporization and microexplosions, increasing the efficiency of tooth structure removal, and aids in cooling of the tooth structures. The long pulse Er:YAG (2.94 mum) laser may be an effective method for tooth reduction applications when used with a water mist.     

Soliton Raman fibre-ring oscillators

Results are presented on the operation and optimization of soliton Raman fibre-ring lasers using a c.w. mode-locked Nd-YAG laser at 1.32m as the source of 100 ps pump pulses. Various lengths of standard single-mode silica fibre were used, and tunable pulses as short as 100 fs generated.On leave from Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceio, 57000-AL, Brazil     

V4S9Br4: a novel high-spin vanadium cluster thiobromide with square-planar metal core

The novel vanadium thiobromide, V4S9Br4, with a square-planar metal cluster core was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, measurements of magnetic properties and the heat capacity, and DFT calculations of the electronic structure. At the room temperature, the compound displays paramagnetic properties with an independent spin on each V atom and with a weak exchange constant (J approximately 10 cm(-1)). The paramagnetic state is transformed into a low-spin state (AF-type ordering) at low temperatures. This change is accompanied by a heat-capacity anomaly. The observed magnetic and heat-capacity anomalies can be explained by the thermal excitation of electrons on the closely spaced molecular energy levels in the presence of the Jahn-Teller effect.     

Chimie des complexes de metaux de transition avec des hydrocarbures cyanes : III. Quelques observations sur la conformation et la reactivite de complexes dicyclopentadienyles du molybdene et du tungstene

A new class of cyclic telluronium salts has been prepared. All the salts are stable in solution in CHCl₃ or dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). Conductivity measurements in DMSO and dimethylformamide (DMF) have shown that considerable ion pairing occurs in solution. Infrared, ¹H, ¹³C, ¹²⁵Te NMR, and mass spectra are reported and discussed.     

SO42-/Zr-ZSM-5 超强酸催化剂的制备和表征

以硅溶胶和氧氯化锆为硅源和锆源，采用水热合成的方法制得具有ZSM-5结构的Zr-Si分子筛；用0.5mol/L的硫酸处理该分子筛，并在550℃焙烧，制得具有ZSM-5结构的SO4^2-/ZrO2-SiO2分子筛型的固体超强酸。采用XRD、SEM、TG、IR、NH3-PHD和指示剂法对其结构和酸性进行表征。结果表明，该SO4^2-/ZrO2-SiO2具有ZSM-5结构和超强酸性，其酸强度大于-13.75，且具有良好的热稳定性。