Miscibility and specific interactions in polyacrylonitrile/ poly(p‐vinylphenol) blends

A rare miscible polyacrylonitrile (PAN) blend system is reported. PAN is miscible with poly(p‐vinylphenol) (PVPh) as shown by thermal and spectroscopic studies. A single glass transition temperature was found in each blend. Infrared spectroscopic studies showed that the hydroxyl band of PVPh and the cyano band of PAN shifted to lower frequencies upon blending, showing the existence of specific interactions between the two polymers. The involvement of cyano groups in specific interactions was further evidenced by the development of a high‐binding‐energy N1s peak in each blend from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies.     

Coriandrum sativum L.: A Review on Ethnopharmacology,Phytochemistry, and Cardiovascular Benefits

Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum), belonging to the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family, is widely recognized for its uses in culinary and traditional medicine. C. sativum contains various phytochemicals such as polyphenols, vitamins, and many phytosterols, which account for its properties including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and analgesic effects. The cardiovascular benefits of C. sativum have not been summarized before, hence this review aims to further evaluate and discuss its effectiveness in cardiovascular diseases, according to the recent literature. An electronic search for literature was carried out using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, preprint platforms, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Articles were gathered from the inception of the database until August 2021. Moreover, the traditional uses and phytochemistry of coriander were surveyed in the original resources and summarized. As a result, most of the studies that cover cardiovascular benefits and fulfilled the eligibility criteria were in vivo, while only a few were in vitro and clinical studies. In conclusion, C. sativum can be deemed a functional food due to its wide range of cardiovascular benefits such as antihypertensive, anti-atherogenic, antiarrhythmic, hypolipidemic as well as cardioprotective effects.     

Vector network equilibrium problems and nonlinear scalarization methods

The conventional equilibrium problem found in many economics and network models is based on a scalar cost, or a single objective. Recently, equilibrium problems based on a vector cost, or multicriteria, have received considerable attention. In this paper, we study a scalarization method for analyzing network equilibrium problems with vector-valued cost function. The method is based on a strictly monotone function originally proposed by Gerstewitz. Conditions that are both necessary and sufficient for weak vector equilibrium are derived, with the prominent feature that no convexity assumptions are needed, in contrast to other existing scalarization methods.     

Dynamics of the Hantavirus infection through variational iteration method

This paper studies the dynamics of the Hantavirus infection model, which was originally developed by Abramson and Kenkre [G. Abramson, V.M. Kenkre, Spatiotemporal patterns in the hantavirus infection, Phys. Rev. E 66 (2002) 011912], by using a simple analytical method called the variational iteration method or VIM. The results obtained by the variational iteration method are compared with the classical Runge–Kutta method (fourth-order) to gauge its effectiveness. Numerical values from these analyses provide us with some useful observation on the behaviour of the infection subjected to certain conditions.     

Copolymerization of methacrylonitrile with p-methylstyrene

Methacrylonitrile was copolymerized with p-methylstyrene in methyl ethyl ketone at 80°C initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile. Monomer reactivity ratios of methacrylonitrile and p-methylstyrene were found to be 0.205 and 0.377, respectively, using the Kelen-Tüdos method. Triad fractions and monomer sequence lengths of three copolymers were determined from ¹³C-NMR spectra and were found to be in good agreement with those calculated from reactivity ratios. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

High aperture focusing through a spherical interface: Application to refractive solid immersion lens (RSIL) for subsurface imaging

The effects of on-axis spherical aberration and defocus on focusing across a spherical interface between two materials of mismatched refractive index are discussed. A vectorial integral representation for high aperture focusing in this configuration is formulated and an analytical expression for the spherical aberration function is derived. Numerical simulations are performed to analyse the effects of the spherical interface on both the transverse and axial intensity profiles. The results from these numerical simulations are important industrially in understanding the resolution enhancements from solid immersion lens technology, as well as being of more fundamental interest in calculating the distribution at the focal plane under different solid immersion lens configurations.     

Pharmaceutical metabolite profiling using quadrupole/ion mobility spectrometry/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

The use of hybrid quadrupole ion mobility spectrometry time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (Q/IMS/TOFMS) in the metabolite profiling of leflunomide (LEF) and acetaminophen (APAP) is presented. The IMS drift times (T_d) of the drugs and their metabolites were determined in the IMS/TOFMS experiments and correlated with their exact monoisotopic masses and other in silico generated structural properties, such as connolly molecular area (CMA), connolly solvent‐excluded volume (CSEV), principal moments of inertia along the X, Y and Z Cartesian coordinates (MI‐X, MI‐Y and MI‐Z), inverse mobility and collision cross‐section (CCS). The correlation of T_d with these parameters is presented and discussed. IMS/TOF tandem mass spectrometry experiments (MS² and MS³) were successfully performed on the N‐acetyl‐p‐benzoquinoneimine glutathione (NAPQI‐GSH) adduct derived from the in vitro microsomal metabolism of APAP. As comparison, similar experiments were also performed using hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (QTRAPMS) and quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (QTOFMS). The abilities to resolve the product ions of the metabolite within the drift tube and fragment the ion mobility resolved product ions in the transfer travelling wave‐enabled stacked ring ion guide (TWIG) demonstrated the potential applicability of the Q/IMS/TOFMS technique in pharmaceutical metabolite profiling. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy—VII:para-substituted fluorobenzenes

C-13 and F-19 NMR spectra of seventeen para-substituted fluorobenzenes were measured and the chemical shifts as well as coupling constants with respect to substituents were analysed. The chemical shifts of the fluorine, the C₁ and the C₂ atoms were found to depend on the total electron densities. In the case of the C₃ atom, the chemical shifts seem to depend on π-electron densities rather than the total electron densities. The present calculations also indicate that the chemical shift of the C₄ atom depends mainly on σ-electron densities due to the inductive effects of substituents. The strongest factor influencing the coupling constant, ⁿJ(C? F), is also considered to be the π-electron densities on the carbon atoms. In the case of the direct couplings, ¹J(C? F), the π-bond orders are important.