Abundance of actinides in cosmic radiation

Ultra heavy (UH) cosmic rays of Z65 are produced either by s- or r-process of nucleosynthesis. Since these two processes occur under different astrophysical environments, the relative abundances of UH ions could be an important parameter in finding their source and origin. Data analysis is carried out on four detector stacks exposed in space by UH cosmic ray experiment on board LDEF. Scanning and analysis of 0.21 m² detector area resulted in finding of 72 UH ions (68Z96) including two actinides (88Z100). The ratio of actinides to that of sub-actinides is found to be 0.034±0.024, which is well within the observational limits of other experiments. Results suggest possible sources, which predominantly ejects r-process synthesized material.     

Saint-Venant's principle for a helical piezoelectric body

For a helical body made of a linear piezoelectric material and loaded at one end only by a system of self-equilibrated forces, it is shown that the strain energy stored in the part of the body distant at least s from the loaded end decreases exponentially with the distance s.     

Static Deformations of a Linear Elastic Porous Body Filled with an Inviscid Fluid

We study infinitesimal deformations of a porous linear elastic body saturated with an inviscid fluid and subjected to conservative surface tractions. The gradient of the mass density of the solid phase is also taken as an independent kinematic variable and the corresponding higher-order stresses are considered. Balance laws and constitutive relations for finite deformations are reduced to those for infinitesimal deformations, and expressions for partial surface tractions acting on the solid and the fluid phases are derived. A boundary-value problem for a long hollow porous solid cylinder filled with an ideal fluid is solved, and the stability of the stressed reference configuration with respect to variations in the values of the coefficient coupling deformations of the two phases is investigated. An example of the problem studied is a cylindrical cavity leached out in salt formations for storing hydrocarbons.     

Synthesis of 3,4,5‐Trisubstituted Isoxazoles from Morita–Baylis–Hillman Acetates by an NaNO2/I2‐Mediated Domino Reaction

An efficient NaNO₂/I₂‐mediated one‐pot transformation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) acetates into alkyl 3‐nitro‐5‐(aryl/alkyl)isoxazole‐4‐carboxylates is described. In a cascade event, initial Michael addition of NaNO₂ to the MBH acetate furnishes the allylnitro intermediate which undergoes I₂‐catalyzed oxidative α‐C H nitration of the nitromethyl subunit followed by [3+2] cycloaddition to afford the title compounds. Structural elaborations of these highly substituted isoxazoles by S_NAr reactions and hydrogenolysis allows access to useful products.     

Physicochemical aspects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichosporon cutaneum</Emphasis> CCY 30-5-10 adhesion and biofilm formation potential on cellophane

This paper focuses on the adhesion and biofilm formation potential of cellulolytic yeast Trichosporon cutaneum CCY 30-5-10 on solid cellophane from a novel perspective. First, physicochemical characterisation of the cells and carrier (cellophane) was performed to evaluate the effect of different culture media (complex vs mineral) on yeast cell adhesion. (Un)favourable adhesion conditions were predicted using the thermodynamic approach. Next, the ability of the cells to colonise the carrier under the above conditions was quantified and the biofilm structure was characterised using image analysis. The approaches described were found suitable to predict and experimentally verify favourable (cell-solid) adhesion, i.e. the hydrophobic and low electron-donor nature of cellophane together with hydrophobic cells (obtained when cultivated in a complex culture medium) were found to have a major impact in defining successful yeast adhesion with subsequent biofilm formation.     

Saint-Venant's principle in linear elasticity with microstructure

Toupin's version of the Saint-Venant principle in linear elasticity is generalized to the case of linear elasticity with microstructure. That is, it is shown that, for a straight prismatic bar made of an isotropic linear elastic material with microstructure and loaded by a self-equilibrated force system at one end only, the strain energy stored in the portion of the bar which is beyond a distance s from the loaded end decreases exponentially with the distance s.     

Saint-Venant's Problem for Porous Linear Elastic Materials

We use a semi-inverse method to study deformations of a straight, prismatic, homogeneous body made of a porous, linear elastic, and isotropic material and loaded only at its end faces by self equilibrated forces. As in the classical theory, the problem is reduced to solving plane elliptical problems. It is shown that the Clebsch/Saint-Venant and Voigt hypotheses are not valid for this problem. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Linear Constitutive Relations in Isotropic Finite Elasticity

For simple shearing and simple extension deformations of a homogeneous and isotropic elastic body, it is shown that a linear relation between the second Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor and the Green-St. Venant strain tensor does not predict a physically reasonable response of the body. This constitutive relation implies that the slope of the curve between an appropriate component of the first Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor and a deformation measure is an increasing functions of the deformation measure. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Synthesis and Biocidal Activity of Organophosphates Derived from Benzothiazole

The synthesis, biocidal activity, and spectroscopic data of a new series of S-phosphorylated/thiophosphorylated derivatives of 2-(2′-mercaptophenyl) benzothiazole are reported in this study. Derivatives were prepared by reacting 2-(2′-mercaptophenyl) benzothiazole with phosphorus oxychloride/phosphorus thiochloride in different molar ratios [1:1, 2:1, 3:1]. All of the derivatives were found to be antifungal agents with less toxicity than the standard Dithane M-45.