Absence of an abrupt phase change from polycrystalline to amorphous in silicon with deposition temperature.

Using fluctuation electron microscopy, we have observed an increase in the mesoscopic spatial fluctuations in the diffracted intensity from vapor-deposited silicon thin films as a function of substrate temperature from the amorphous to polycrystalline regimes. We interpret this increase as an increase in paracrystalline medium-range order in the sample. A paracrystal consists of topologically crystalline grains in a disordered matrix; in this model the increase in ordering is caused by an increase in the grain size or density. Our observations are counter to the previous belief that the amorphous to polycrystalline transition is a discontinuous disorder-order phase transition.     

Configuration space Faddeev calculations

Three nucleon ground state wave functions are displayed graphically in configuration space. Both the Schrödinger functions and the Faddeev amplitudes from which they are constructed are plotted. It is demonstrated that for the case where the two-nucleon interaction contains strong repulsion at short distances, the Faddeev amplitude bears no resemblance to the Schrödinger function, and is not even positive definite. Furthermore, the Faddeev amplitude is a much smoother function of the three independent coordinate variables, and is therefore much easier to calculate. Certain intuitive features of the Schrödinger wave function are seen to be present.     

Instabilities in Self-Focused Electron Beams

The appearance of large amplitude oscillations and attenuation of beam current have been observed in high perveance electrically self-focused beams. These phenomena are shown to be due to instabilities produced by the interaction of the beam with its self-generated plasma. The critical current which must be exceeded for the instabilities to appear and the frequencies of the oscillations have been related to beam and background parameters and the dimensions of the experimental system.     

Fifth and sixth order PECE algorithms based on g-splines with improved stability characteristics

In this note fifth and sixth order PECE algorithms are presented. The corrector formulae are derived by using natural g-splines. The resulting PECE algorithms which use the Schoen predictor have larger regions of absolute stability and smaller truncation errors than the Krogh and Schoen algorithms of corresponding order.     

A new upper limit for the branching ratio (Ξ− → nπ−)(Ξ− → Λπ−)

From a sample of 735 000 Ξ^? decays, we have obtained a new upper limit for the branching ratio $\text{(Ξ}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{→}\text{n}\text{π}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{)}\text{(Ξ}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{→ Λπ}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{)}$. The result is 1.9 × 10^?5 at the 90% confidence level.     

Oxide ion transport in highly defective cubic stabilized zirconias

Ac impedance spectroscopy and neutron powder diffraction have been used to study the high temperature behaviour of defective fluorite solid electrolytes. In yttria-stabilised zirconia with an yttrium content of 15 mol% YO_1.5 there is a marked change in conductivity behaviour at around 650 °C, with a decrease in activation energy of 0.15 eV. Structural studies confirm that this is due to a change in the bulk of the sample with the disappearance of diffuse scattering peaks and marked changes in the behaviour of the isotropic temperature factors at the same temperature. These results indicate that the change in activation energy of yttria-stabilised zirconia at 650 °C is due to an order-disorder transition involving local defect clusters. In studies of zirconia co-doped with yttrium and niobium, activation energy for conduction is found to rapidly increase with the concentration of the trivalent yttrium Saturation doping is reached at about 20–30 % of yttrium and activation energy only increases slightly with doping. Introduction of pentavalent niobium at this level of doping serves to decrease activation energy, although it also decreases conductivity slightly. The low and high temperature activation energies converge as the saturation regime is approached. These observations seem to suggest that ordering of defect clusters into microdomains increases activation energy for ionic motion. At low defect concentrations and high temperatures, this local ordering breaks down and the activation energy for conduction decreases. Paper presented at the 2nd Euroconference on Solid State Ionics, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, Sept. 10–16, 1995     

Real permanental roots of doubly stochastic matrices

It is shown that for each n ? 7 there exists an n × n, irreducible, doubly stochastic matrix A such that the permanent of the characteristic matrix of A has n real zeros.