Dipole Moments and Intermolecular Association of Some Carbonyl Compounds in Nonpolar Solvents

The aggregation of some aldehydes in nonpolar solvents was investigated using the static dielectric method. The molecular association of acetone and two of its derivatives (acetophenone and benzophenone) in cyclohexane solvent were also investigated by this method. Analysis of the static dielectric data for solution of these materials indicated a high molecular association. It was found that benzaldehyde and its derivatives have a strong tendency for antiparallel molecular association, whereas acetone and its derivatives have a tendency for parallel alignment. The experimental results show that there is a sensitive relationship between the molecular association and molecular structure of these materials. The influence of solvent on the molecular association of the solute molecules was studied and compared.     

Intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen-bonding effects on the dipole moments and photophysical properties of some anthraquinone dyes

The present work stems from our interest in the synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of lanthanide(III) complexes of a class of coumarin based imines which have been prepared by the interaction of hydrated lanthanide(III) chloride with the sodium salts of 3-acetylcoumarin thiosemicarbazone (ACTSZH) and 3-acetylcoumarin semicarbazone (ACSZH) in 1:3 molar ratio using thermal as well as microwave method. Characterization of the ligands as well as the metal complexes have been carried out by elemental analysis, melting point determinations, molecular weight determinations, magnetic moment, molar conductance, IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, electronic, EPR, X-ray powder diffraction and mass spectral studies. Spectral studies confirm ligands to be monofunctional bidentate and octahedral environment around metal ions. The redox behavior of one of the synthesized metal complex was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Further, free ligands and their metal complexes have been screened for their antimicrobial as well as DNA cleavage activity. The results of these findings have been presented and discussed.     

Liquid-liquid equilibria of (water + butyric acid + diethyl succinate or diethyl glutarate or diethyl adipate) ternary systems

Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of the solubility (binodal) curves and tie-line end compositions were examined for mixtures of {(water (1) + butyric acid (2) + diethyl succinate or diethyl glutarate or diethyl adipate (3)} at 298.2 K and 101.3 ± 0.7 kPa. The relative mutual solubility of butyric acid is higher in the diethyl succinate or diethyl glutarate or diethyl adipate layers than water layers. The consistency of the experimental tie-lines was determined through the Othmer-Tobias correlation equation. The LLE data were correlated with NRTL model, indicating the reliability of the NRTL equations for these ternary systems. The best results were achieved with the NRTL equation, using non-randomness parameter (α = 0.3) for the correlation. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were measured to evaluate the extracting capability of the solvents.     

Detail review on chemical,physical and green synthesis,classification, characterizations and applications of nanoparticles

ABSTRACT

Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science. The base of nanotechnology is nanoparticles. The size of nanoparticles ranges from 1 to 100?nm. The nanoparticles are classified into different classes such as inorganic nanoparticles, organic nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles and carbon base nanoparticles. The inorganic nanoparticles are further classified into metal nanoparticles and metal oxide nanoparticles.similarly carbon base nanoparticles classified into Fullerene, Carbon nanotubes, Graphene, Carbon nanofiber and carbon black Nanoparticles are also classified on the basis of dimension such as one dimension nanoparticles, two-dimension nanoparticles and three-dimension nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are synthesized by using two approaches like top-down approach and bottom-up approach. In this review chemical, physical and green synthesis of nanoparticles is reported. The synthesized nanoparticles are synthesized using different qualitative and quantitative techniques. The Qualitative techniques include Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X.ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The Quantitative techniques include Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Annular Dark-Field Imaging (HAADF) and Intracranial pressure (ICP). The nanoparticles have different application which is reported in this review.     

Dipole moments of Flourobenzene and its Mesogenic Derivative in 1,4-Dioxane and 1-Butanol Solutions

Experimental data from dielectric investigations of solutions of flourobenzene (FB) and its mesogenic derivative (1-fluoro-4-(4-pentylcyclohexyl) benzene (FPCHB) in 1,4-dioxane are reported for various mole fractions and temperatures. The molecular dipole moments were determined using the Guggenheim-Debye method in the temperature range of 298.2 to 318.2 K. Both fluorinated compounds show a positive and small temperature coefficient for the effective dipole moment. Variations of the effective dipole moment and correlation factor, g, with mole fraction in these mixtures were investigated using the Kirkwood-Frohlich equation. Dielectric measurements were also carried out on binary mixtures of FPCHB with 1-butanol for various concentrations at 318.2 K. The Kirkwood correlation factor, the Bruggeman factor, and the excess permittivity were determined.     

Formulation and Optimization of Alogliptin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles: In Vitro to In Vivo Assessment

The nano-drug delivery system has gained greater acceptability for poorly soluble drugs. Alogliptin (ALG) is a FDA-approved oral anti-hyperglycemic drug that inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4. The present study is designed to prepare polymeric ALG nanoparticles (NPs) for the management of diabetes. ALG-NPs were prepared using the nanoprecipitation method and further optimized by Box–Behnken experimental design (BBD). The formulation was optimized by varying the independent variables Eudragit RSPO (A), Tween 20 (B), and sonication time (C), and the effects on the hydrodynamic diameter (Y1) and entrapment efficiency (Y2) were evaluated. The optimized ALG-NPs were further evaluated for in vitro release, intestinal permeation, and pharmacokinetic and anti-diabetic activity. The prepared ALG-NPs show a hydrodynamic diameter of between 272.34 nm and 482.87 nm, and an entrapment efficiency of between 64.43 and 95.21%. The in vitro release data of ALG-NPs reveals a prolonged release pattern (84.52 ± 4.1%) in 24 h. The permeation study results show a 2.35-fold higher permeation flux than pure ALG. ALG-NPs exhibit a significantly (p < 0.05) higher pharmacokinetic profile than pure ALG. They also significantly (p < 0.05) reduce the blood sugar levels as compared to pure ALG. The findings of the study support the application of ALG-entrapped Eudragit RSPO nanoparticles as an alternative carrier for the improvement of therapeutic activity.     

Improved photoelectrocatalytic activity of anodic TiO2 nanotubes by boron in situ doping coupled with geometrical optimization: Application of a potent photoanode in the purification of dye wastewater

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - A comparative study on the photoelectrocatalytic activity of anodic TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) and boron-doped TiO2 nanotubes (BTNTs) was performed through...     

Almost local stability in discrete delayed chaotic systems

This work studies dynamic of delayed discrete chaotic systems with bounded and unbounded delays. The time lags appear in additive which is coupled with a smooth function and nonadditive forms. It has been shown that, in both additive and nonadditive cases, the primal (non-delayed) system is neutral to the bounded delay to possess an attractive fixed point. Nevertheless, if a nonadditive and unbounded delay is supposed to affect a chaotic and measure preserving system locally, then the delay function might be sensitive to initial states. A local stabilization to the dynamics of Logistic and Gaussian maps are made and creation of attractive fixed points is illustrated.     

Transverse Momentum Distributions of Charged Particles Produced in Deuteron-Carbon Interactions at 4.2A GeV/c

In this work, the behavior of transverse momentum (p_T) and maximum p_T (p_Tmax) distribution of light-flavored hadrons, produced in deuteron-carbon (dC) interactions at 4.2A GeV/c, is presented. We use the data, provided by the Laboratory of High Energy (LHE) with propane bubble chamber of 2 m of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna Russia. The results of the experimental data are compared with the predictions of the cascade model, Dubna version. Three regions in terms of the p_T-distributions trend are observed for all types of particles, where p_T ～ 1 and 1.5 GeV/c are the limiting values for pions and protons, respectively, in the region-III, for which the p_T > 0.375 GeV/c. The protons’ contribution to this region is an order of magnitude more than of the mesons and the distribution of the latter decreases faster than of the former. The model cannot predict the experimental results in the region-III, completely, where the number of particles is less than in the experiment.     

133Cs NMR Study of Cs+ Ion Complexes with?Aza-18-crown-6, Diaza-18-crown-6 and?Dibenzyldiaza-18-crown-6 in Binary Acetonitrile?CNitromethane Mixtures

Cesium-133 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used as a sensitive probe to investigate the stoichiometry and stability of Cs⁺ ion complexes with aza-18-crown-6 (A18C6), diaza-18-crown-6 (DA18C6) and dibenzylediaza-18-crown-6 (DBzDA18C6) in different binary acetonitrile?Cnitromethane mixtures. In all cases, the exchange between free and complexed cesium ion was fast on the NMR time scale and only a single population average resonance was observed. The ¹³³Cs chemical shift?Cmole ratio data indicated that the cesium ion forms 1:1 cation?Cligand complexes with the investigated aza-crowns in all acetonitrile?Cnitromethane mixtures. The formation constants of the resulting complexes were evaluated from computer fitting of the chemical shift?Cmole ratio data. The stability of the resulting 1:1 complexes with Cs⁺ were found to vary in the order A18C6 > DBzDA18C6 > DA18C6. In all cases, there is the inverse relationship between the complex stability constants and the amount of acetonitrile in the mixed solvent.