Bestimmung von Celluloseethern in Baustoffgemischen

Zusammenfassung Celluloseether werden in Baustoffen über die funktionellen Alkoxyl- und Hydroxyalkylgruppen (C₁–nC₃) analysiert. Es werden Methoden zur Bestimmung der Celluloseprodukte beschrieben, die Iodwasserstoffsäure als Etherspaltungsmittel verwenden. Die Reaktionsprodukte sind Alkyliodide und Alkene. Das zeitaufwendige gas-chromatographische Verfahren liefert qualitative und quantitative Aussagen, das einfache Verfahren nach Vieböck u. Schwappach nur quantitative Ergebnisse (Summenbestimmung bei Mischethern). In Sonderfällen (Ethylhydroxyethylcellulose) wird Bromwasserstoffsäure zur Etherspaltung eingesetzt.

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Determination of cellulose ethers in building materials

Summary Cellulose ethers are analyzed in building materials by means of the functional alkoxyl and hydroxyalkyl groups (C₁–nC₃). Methods are used for the determination of the cellulose products employing hydriodic acid as an ether splitting agent. The reaction products are alkyl iodides and alkenes. The time consuming gas-chromatographic process provides quantitative and qualitative data, the simple process according to Vieböck and Schwappach gives only quantitative results (simultaneous determination of mixed ethers). In special cases (ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose) hydrobromic acid is used for ether splitting.

Herrn Prof. Dr. Rolf Sammet zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet     

Isothiazoles X. 3-alkoxyisothiazole derivatives

Halogenation of a number of 3-alkoxyisothiazoles, occurring exclusively in the 4-position, followed by cyanation led to various carboxylic acid, carboxamide and amine derivatives. Subsequent dealkylation provided 4-substituted-4-isothiazoIin-3-ones.     

Right-handed weak currents in neutrino scattering

We investigate transition strengths of right-handed weak charged currents in deep inelastic neutrino scattering, exploiting the dominance of p, n valence quarks in the nucleon. The energy dependence of σ_t and the average quantities 〈y〉 and 〈Q²〉 are shown to provide sensitive measures of new quark production thresholds and right-handed currents in $\text{ν}\text{N}$ scattering. With our analysis, the present data give an upper bound on the right to left hand structure function ratio of $\text{F}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>R</mtext>}}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>\nu </mtext><mtext>N</mtext>}}\text{F}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>L</mtext>}}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>\nu </mtext><mtext>N</mtext>}}\text{≈}\text{1}\text{2}$, above a threshold of W≈7.5 GeV.     

Synthesis and stereochemical elucidation of a 14-membered ring phosphonate

[structure: see text]. We report the synthesis and stereochemical elucidation of a 14-membered ring phosphonate. The key step in the synthesis of the macrolide phosphonate was the cyclization of the acyclic precursor using the Mitsunobu reaction, a mild reaction for the preparation of mixed phosphonates.     

Effect-Directed Profiling of Monofloral Honeys from Ethiopia by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Ethiopian honey is used not only as food but also for treatment in traditional medicine. For its valorization, bioactive compounds were analyzed in nine types of monofloral Ethiopian honey. Therefore, a non-target effect-directed profiling was developed via high-performance thin-layer chromatography combined with multi-imaging and planar effect-directed assays. Characteristic bioactivity profiles of the different honeys were determined in terms of antibacterial, free-radical scavenging, and various enzyme inhibitory activities. Honeys from Hypoestes spp. and Leucas abyssinica showed low activity in all assays. In contrast, others from Acacia spp., Becium grandiflorum, Croton macrostachyus, Eucalyptus globulus, Schefflera abyssinica, Vernonia amygdalina, and Coffea arabica showed more intense activity profiles, but these differed depending on the assay. In particular, the radical scavenging activity of Croton macrostachyus and Coffea arabica honeys, the acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting activity of Eucalyptus globulus and Coffea arabica honeys, and the antibacterial activity of Schefflera abyssinica honey are highlighted. Bioactive compounds of interest were further characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Identifying differences in bioactivity between mono-floral honey types affects quality designation and branding. Effect-directed profiling provides new insights that are valuable for food science and nutrition as well as for the market, and contributes to honey differentiation, categorization, and authentication.     

Quality Assessment of Apple and Grape Juices from Serbian and German Markets by Planar Chromatography—Chemometrics

The high consumption of plant-based foods on a global scale has increased the number of adulterations in the food industry. Along with this, analytical approaches to fraud detection need to be further developed. A nontargeted effect-directed profiling by high-performance thin-layer chromatography hyphenated with five effect-directed assays (free radical scavenging assay, Aliivibrio fischeri bioassay, and acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase inhibition assays) and multi-imaging provided additional information on the antioxidative, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibition activities for 18 apple and 18 grape juices from markets in Serbia and Germany. Bioactive zones of interest were eluted using an elution head-based interface and further characterized by electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. The different profiles were evaluated chemometrically, and several compounds, which were characteristic of samples from different markets located in Serbia and Germany, were identified in apple juice (such as chlorogenic acid, phloridzin, epicatechin, and caffeic acid) and grape juice (such as chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, and quercetin). The developed rapid and simple method for the quality assessment of fruit juices coming from different (geographic) markets showed clear quality differences. Thus, it could be used to learn more about quality differences, to detect fraud in fruit juice production, and to verify the authenticity of the origin.