The norm and the essential norm of the double layer elastic and hydrodynamic potentials in the space of continuous functions

We study a class of matrix integral operators which appear as limit values of the double layer potentials. We find general representations for the norms and for the essential norms of such operators in the space of continuous vector-valued functions. These representations are specified for boundary integral operators of linear isotropic elasticity theory and hydrodynamics of viscous incompressible fluid under the assumption that there is an angle point on the boundary of a plane domain and a conic point or an edge on the boundary of a three-dimensional domain.     

Antifungal activity of halophenols and halonitrophenols

Summary Thirty one compounds (phenol; its 12 possible monohalo analogues; 18 nitrophenols (2- and 4-nitrophenols, 4-, 5-, and 6-halo-2-nitrophenols, 3-halo-4-nitrophenols)) were tested for antifungal activity against six fungi (A. niger, A. oryzae, M. verrucaria, T. viride, M. cirinelloides, andT. mentagrophytes) inSabouraud dextrose broth. The two most fungitoxic compounds of those studied were 5-fluoro- and 5-iodo-2-nitrophenols which inhibited all the fungi at concentrations under 10 µg/ml. 6-Iodo-2-nitrophenol inhibited five fungi at a concentration below 10 µg/ml andM. cirinelloides at 10–100 µg/ml.

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Fungizide Aktivität von Halogenphenolen und Nitrohalogenphenolen

Zusammenfassung 31 Verbindungen (Phenol; seine 12 möglichen monohalogenierten Derivate; 18 Nitrophenole (2- und 4-Nitrophenole, 4-, 5- und 6-Halogen-2-nitrophenole, 3-Halogen-4-nitrophenole)) wurden gegenüber 6 Pilzstämmen (A. niger, A. oryzae, M. verrucaria, T. viride, M. cirinelloides, T. mentagrophytes) inSabouraud-Nähmedium auf ihre fungizide Aktivität untersucht. Am effizientesten waren dabei 5-Fluor- und 5-lod-2-nitrophenole (Hemmung aller Stämme bei Konzentrationen <10 µg/ml). 6-lod-2-nitrophenol war gegen 5 Pilze bei Konzentrationen <10 µg/ml und gegenüberM. cirinelloides zwischen 10 und 100 µg/ml aktiv.

     

Ground and lowest excited triplet state dissociation constants of the 5-, 6- and 7-mononitro-8-quinolinols. Spectroscopic evidence for intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the lowest triplet state of 7-nitro-8-quinolinol

Abstract— The dissociation constants of 5-nitro-8-quinoIinol, 6-nitro-8-quinolinol and 7-nitro-8-quinolinol have been determined for the ground states of the molecules by potentio-metric titration, and for the lowest triplet states from the shifts of the O—O bands of phosphorescence occurring upon dissociation. The ground-state dissociation constants of the phenolic groups are found to be typical of ortho, meta, and para nitro phenols. The phosphorescences of all prototropic species derived from the 6-isomer appear to be anomalous and their origin is unknown. The anomalously low acidity of the neutral species of the 7-isomer in its triplet state, relative to that of the neutral species of the 5-isomer in its triplet state, is attributed to intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the lowest triplet sfate of the 7-isorner, between the phenolic proton and the 7-nitro group. The magnitudes of the two triplet-state disSociation constants of both the 5 and 7 isomers suggest that the predominant uncharged species in fluid solutions containing the triplet-state molecules are the excited zwitterions.     

Structural Investigations and Thermal Behaviour of Mercury(II) Sulfito Complexes

The crystal structures of (NH₄)[HgSO₃Cl] ( 1 ) and of (NH₄)₂[Hg(SO₃)₂] ( 2 ) were determined from single crystal diffractometer data sets. 1 : 22 °C, Pnma, Z = 4, a = 15.430(3), b = 5.525(1), c = 6.679(1) Å, R(F) = 0.0256, R_w(F²) = 0.0642 (all 1056 unique reflections). 2 : ?108 °C, P2₁2₁2₁, Z = 4, a = 6.2240(4), b = 9.3908(6), c = 13.6110(8) Å, R(F) = 0.0179, R_w(F²) = 0.0493 (all 2699 unique reflections). The structure of 1 contains bent Cl‐Hg‐SO₃ entities (site symmetry m; d(Hg‐Cl) = 2.3403(13) Å, d(Hg‐S) = 2.3636(12) Å, ∠(Cl‐Hg‐S) = 164.51(5)°, d(S‐O) 2×1.458(3) Å, 1.468(4) Å, = 1.461Å) linked to undulated ribbons parallel to the b ‐axis by intermolecular secondary bonds SO···Hg (d(O···Hg) = 2×2.595(3) Å). These ribbons in turn aggregate to layers around the bc ‐plane. The layers are stacked along the a ‐axis with interlayer distances of a /2. The structure of 2 is made up of O₃S‐Hg‐SO₃ moieties (d(Hg‐S) = 2.3935(7), 2.3935(8) Å; ∠(Hg‐S‐Hg) = 174.41(3)°; = 1.474Å), that are linked to ribbons parallel to the a axis by coordination of Hg to three remote O atoms (2.801(4) < d(Hg‐O) < 2.844(3) Å). Adjacent ribbons are joined together by an additional Hg‐O contact of 2.733(3) Å, leading to a three‐dimensional anionic framework. Both crystal structures are stabilised by disordered NH₄⁺ cations, placed between the anionic layers or in the vacancies of the framework, via moderate hydrogen bonding interactions N‐H···O with donor‐acceptor distances ranging from 2.8 to 3.2Å. 1 and 2 were further characterised by thermal analysis (TG, DSC). They start to decompose at temperatures above 130 °C.     

Pyrimidines. 6. 6-trifluoromethyl chloropyrimidines and related compounds

A study of the chlorination of 6-trifluoromethylpyrimidines was made. On sequential treatment of 6-tri-fluoromethyluracil (6) with phosphorus oxychloride and phosphorus pentachloride, 2,4-dichloro-6-trifluoro-methylpyrimidine (7) (25%) and 4-chloro-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-2-yldichlorophosphate (8) (53%) were obtained. Compound 8 was converted to 7 by treatment with hydrogen chloride in phosphorus oxychloride in 72% yield. In a one-pot synthesis, 77% of 7 was obtained from 6. The preparation of 2,4,5-trichloro-6-tri-fluoromethyluracil (16) proceeded similarly. Although the pyrimidinyldichlorophosphate ester has been proposed as the intermediate in converting a pyrimidinol to a chloropyrimidine, these are the first examples of such compounds to be isolated, characterized, and made to yield the ring-chlorinated pyrimidines.     

Preparation and Fungitoxicity of Some Trichloro-, Tribromo-, Tetrachloro-, and Tetrabromo-8-Quinolinols

 3,5,6-, 3,5,7-, 4,5,7-, and 5,6,7-trichloro- and -tribromo-8-quinolinols as well as 3,5,6,7-tetrachloro- and -tetrabromo-8-quinolinols were prepared and tested against six fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Myrothecium verrucaria, Trichoderma viride, Mucor cirinelloides, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes) in Sabouraud dextrose broth. The compounds strongly inhibit five fungi but not M. cirinelloides. They are less active than the related dichloro-8-quinolinols which is attributed to steric hindrance.     

Study of CP-violating asymmetries in B0-->pi(+)pi(-) decays

We present a measurement of CP-violating asymmetries in B0-->pi(+)pi(-) decays based on a 41.8 fb(-1) data sample collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider. We fully reconstruct one neutral B meson as a B0-->pi(+)pi(-) CP eigenstate and identify the flavor of the accompanying B meson from its decay products. From the asymmetry in the distribution of the time intervals between the two B meson decay points, we obtain the CP-violating asymmetry parameters S(pipi)=-1.21(+0.38)(-0.27)(stat)+0.16-0.13(syst) and A(pipi)=+0.94(+0.25)(-0.31)(stat)+/-0.09(syst).     

Pyrimidines. 7. A study of the chlorination of pyrimidines with phosphorus oxychloride in the presence of N,N-dimethylaniline

The chlorination of 6-trifluoromethyluracils by phosphorus oxychloride in the presence of N,N-dimethylaniline was studied and compared with results obtained with 6-methyluracils. 6-Trifluoromethyluracil and its 5-chloro analog afforded moderate yields of the di- and trichloropyrimidines, accompanied by good yields of the 2-N-methylanilino by-products, after a 3-hour reaction time. After 24 hours, the 2-N-methylanilinopyrimidines were the primary or sole products. A small yield of 2,4-bis(N-methylanilino)-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidine was also obtained. The 6-methyluracils afforded high yields of the di- and trichloropyrimidines, after 3 and 24 hours, along with minor amounts of the 2-N-methylanilino by-products. After 48 hours, the proportion of 2,4-dichloro-6-methylpyrimidine decreased, and the 2-N-methylanilino product increased. 2-Chloro-4-methylanilino-6-methylpyrimidine and bis(2-N-methylanilino)-6-methylpyrimidine were also formed in small amounts. The chlorination products from 5-chloro-6-methyluracil remained constant over 188 hours of reaction time. It appears that the π electron distribution around the ring, as influenced by the substituents, controls the course of the chlorination and by-product formation. Since the amination by a tertiary amine is a type of Hofmann reaction, the presence of the chlorine in the 5 position of the ring adds steric hindrance and thus enhances the regiospecificity of the formation of by-products.     

Observation of large CP violation and evidence for direct CP violation in B0-->pi(+)pi(-) decays

We report the first observation of CP violation in B0-->pi(+)pi(-) decays based on 152x10(6) gamma (4S)-->BB decays collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider. We reconstruct a B0-->pi(+)pi(-) CP eigenstate and identify the flavor of the accompanying B meson from its decay products. From the distribution of the time intervals between the two B meson decay points, we obtain A(pipi)=+0.58+/-0.15(stat)+/-0.07(syst) and S(pipi)=-1.00+/-0.21(stat)+/-0.07(syst). We rule out the CP-conserving case, A(pipi)=S(pipi)=0, at a level of 5.2 standard deviations. We also find evidence for direct CP violation with a significance at or greater than 3.2 standard deviations for any S(pipi) value.