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排序方式: 共有209条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Some results for stopped random walks are extended to the Markov renewal setup where the random walk is driven by a Harris recurrent Markov chain. Some interesting applications are given; for example, a generalization of the alternating renewal process. 相似文献
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On the weak‐field approximation of nonlinear vacuum electrodynamics of the Plebański class 下载免费PDF全文
Gerold Oltman Schellstede 《Annalen der Physik》2017,529(4)
Plebański's class of nonlinear vacuum electrodynamics is considered, which is for several reasons of interest at the present time. In particular, the question is answered under which circumstances Maxwell's original field equations are recovered approximately and which ‘post‐Maxwellian’ effects could arise. To this end, a weak field approximation method is developed, allowing to calculate ‘post‐Maxwellian’ corrections up to Nth order. In some respect, this is analogue of determining ‘post‐Newtonian’ corrections from relativistic mechanics by a low velocity approximation. As a result, we got a series of linear field equations that can be solved order by order. In this context, the solutions of the lower orders occur as source terms inside the higher order field equations and represent a ‘post‐Maxwellian’ self‐interaction of the electromagnetic field, which increases order by order. It becomes apparent that one has to distinguish between problems with and without external source terms because without sources also high frequency solutions can be approximately described by Maxwell's original equations. The higher order approximations, which describe ‘post‐Maxwellian’ effects, can give rise to experimental tests of Plebańksi's class. Finally, two boundary value problems are discussed to have examples at hand. 相似文献
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N-centered radicals in self-terminating radical cyclizations: experimental and computational studies
Intermolecular addition of photochemically generated N-centered aminium and amidyl radicals 13a-d and 16a,b, respectively, to the cyclic alkyne 1 initiates a radical translocation/cyclization cascade, followed by an oxidative termination step that eventually leads to formation of the bicyclic ketones 7a and 8a. Computational studies were performed to gain insight into the mechanism of these reactions, which are an interesting modification of the recently discovered concept of self-terminating radical cyclizations. 相似文献
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Christoph Minz Horst-Heino von Borzeszkowski Thoralf Chrobok Gerold Schellstede 《Annals of Physics》2016
We analyze the behavior of shock waves in nonlinear theories of electrodynamics. For this, by use of generalized Hadamard step functions of increasing order, the electromagnetic potential is developed in a series expansion near the shock wave front. This brings about a corresponding expansion of the respective electromagnetic field equations which allows for deriving relations that determine the jump coefficients in the expansion series of the potential. We compute the components of a suitable gauge-normalized version of the jump coefficients given for a prescribed tetrad compatible with the shock front foliation. The solution of the first-order jump relations shows that, in contrast to linear Maxwell’s electrodynamics, in general the propagation of shock waves in nonlinear theories is governed by optical metrics and polarization conditions describing the propagation of two differently polarized waves (leading to a possible appearance of birefringence). In detail, shock waves are analyzed in the Born and Born–Infeld theories verifying that the Born–Infeld model exhibits no birefringence and the Born model does. The obtained results are compared to those ones found in literature. New results for the polarization of the two different waves are derived for Born-type electrodynamics. 相似文献
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Willing GA Ibrahim TH Etzler FM Neuman RD 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2000,226(1):185-188
The colloidal probe technique is commonly employed to determine the adhesion force between a particle and a solid surface. Characterization of the adhesion of a particle across a surface can be as important, if not more so, as the determination of an average value for the adhesion. Unfortunately, the measurement of the variation in adhesion can be difficult at best. A new approach for studying particle-surface adhesion based on the force-volume technique is presented. Upon combining the force-volume technique with a colloidal probe, not only is it possible to determine the average adhesion force, but an image of the spatial variation of the adhesion can also be obtained. This method is envisioned to have great potential for examining and analyzing the adhesion behavior in complex natural and technological systems. Copyright 2000 Academic Press. 相似文献
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